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TEST
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1. Italy is the great
country of fountains, and the fountains of Rome are
world famous. _____. It was built in the time of
Pope Clement XII about the middle of the eighteenth
century. The fountain and the palace behind it are a
good model of the baroque style of architecture,
which gives a feeling of glory, movement and
excitement.
A) The Fountain of Trevi, in Rome, is one of the
most magnificent in the city
B) This style is especially effective for fountains
because of the moving water
C) The water is brought underground from a spring
many miles outside the city
D) A statue of Neptune in the fountain is surrounded
by numerous other figures
E) The city of Rome has been the capital of Italy
ever since it was founded thousands of years ago
2._____. His principal equipment is a leather couch
for patients to lie on and a cabinet of mysterious
drugs of one kind or another to send them off to
sleep. He is mainly interested in the dreams of his
clients and may use some form of hypnosis to study
their repressed thoughts and deep emotions.
A) More and more large firms are realizing the
advantages offered by psychiatry
B) No one may prescribe drugs or surgery in treating
mentally sick individuals unless he is medically
qualified
C) It is important to realize that psychologists are
first and foremost trained as scientists rather than
as medical experts
D) Psychologists are primarily concerned with
behaviour and its abnormalities
E) The popular image of a psychiatrist is a fairly
well-defined one
3. The Federal Republic of Germany, founded in 1949,
had as its first Chancellor Dr. Konrad Adenauer. His
Christian Democrat government produced conditions of
stability and confidence in which Germany rebuilt
her shattered prosperity and a viable parliamentary
democracy. Further, his work in building a special
relationship with France, culminating a
treaty of friendship, was a dramatic contrast to the
long convention of enmity towards France._____.
A) Even so, Adenauer's successor Dr. Erhard was a
loyal supporter of the Adantic Alliance
B) Furthermore, he strove relentlessly for German
reunification within the boundaries of 1937,
stressing West Germany's right to speak for the
whole Germany
C) The Brandt Government's main achievements were in
die field of foreign policy
D) On die other hand, Brandt had built up his
reputation as mayor of West Berlin before he was
elected Chancellor
E) Indeed, the tensions within the government were
heightened by protracted negotiations between the
coalition partners over policies to counter the
sharply rising trend of unemployment.
4. It was the most horrible ice-storm in living
memory. What started in the clouds as rain became
ice as it hit power lines, trees and roads._____.
Well over 50.000 people had to flee their freezing
homes for those of luckier or better equipped
neighbors.
A) It fell for days and it paralyzed much of Quebec,
knocking out the power supply to 3 million people
B) Until then it was regarded as one of the worst
natural disasters ever to hit Canada
C) The cleaning up process was soon in full swing
and life returned to normal
D) Old people in particular are at risk if
temperatures continue to fall in this way
E) The midweek forecast for the area is far from
encouraging
5. We all know that learning is essential._____? A
dictionary might tell you that learning is acquiring
knowledge through experience and study. A teacher
might tell you that it is memorizing what he wants
you to know for an examination. Your manager might
tell you that it is mastery of the task you are
hired to do. A psychologist might tell you that it
is a
relatively permanent change in behaviour due to past
experience. Obviously learning takes place in
various ways and forms.
A) How is it managed
B) What exactly do you mean
C) Yet one can depend on it
D) But what exactly is it
E) Do you think it can be mastered
6. Napoleon, the greatest of all generals, dismissed
and disgraced Admiral Bruix for questioning an order
to sail his fleet._____. Consequently, twenty ships
were wrecked, and 3,000 men were drowned. From this
incident we can conclude that the absolute obedience
that a general can command is not appropriate at
sea.
A) Even so, Bruix continued to admire and obey
Napoleon
B) By the time his successor was appointed, the
adverse weather conditions had been over
C) Everyone knew that this admiral never took risks
D) Napoleon seemed to know instinctively what die
right course of action would be
E) His deputy obeyed the command although the wind
was strong
7. Many sociologists are concerned that America is
no longer "a melting pot," but "a salad bow!"
.Unlike most earlier immigrants who are willing to
learn English and wanted to "melt" into American
life, many of today's immigrants do not see the
need,____? How will all this influence American's
future?
A) Why did most European immigrants settle in the
cities rather than on farms
B) What was city life like for most immigrants
C) What changes can we expect in the make-up of
America's population by the year 2000
D) What hardships did the early immigrants face when
they arrived in America
E) How far back can an American trace his roots
8. ____. The faltering economy they inherited was
now under additional pressure from those newly
unemployed, including the million-man army of the
former regime. There were critical shortages of
foreign exchange and gold, much of which had been
stolen in the last days of the war. There were also
at least two million new refugees, nearly 10 % of
the population. Nearly, the country was in a state
of total bankruptcy.
A) The end of the war in Vietnam brought massive
problems to the new leaders of the country
B) In the first place, all industry was nationalized
by the new Vietnamese government
C) One unexpected problem facing the new government
was continuing military activity
D) One solution to the urban problems facing Vietnam
was to get people to return to the countryside
E) In their first months in power, Vietnam's new
leaders succeeded in persuading hundreds of
thousands of people to move back to their farms
9. Gathering information on a possible adversary or
adversaries is only the start of the intelligence
process. The raw materials, once in hand, must be
drawn together, analyzed, correlated, and evaluated
before it becomes useful knowledge. ____. From this
appraisal, which points to this most likely course
of action the target state can chart a course of
action best designed to meet the developing
condition.
A) The ethics of secret intelligence operations have
long been debated
B) At this stage there emerges an estimate of the
adversary's intentions and of his ability to achieve
them
C) However the richest source is usually the secret
agent, who is always a highly skilled and well
trained professional
D) Intelligence findings are, therefore, usually
classified and limited in circulation
E) In recent decades, technology has enormously
lengthened the reach and sharpened the penetration
of intelligence
10. In the 1900s cancer was nearly always fatal; by
the 1930s one out of five cancer patients was saved:
by 1975, treatment was successful in one out of
every four cancer patients._____.
A) New evidence suggest that the highest risk for
lung cancer occurs in asbestos workers who smoke
B) In fact every one knows that cancer refers to a
group of over 100 different diseases
C) Today scientists and physicians believe that half
of cancer patients can be saved if present knowledge
is applied promptly in every case
D) Rehabilitation of the cancer patient has become
an important new concern for social workers
E) The goal of cancer rehabilitation is to help the
patient lead as normal a life as possible
11. What is soul? From Plato onwards, many answers
have been given to this question, however no one
answer has ever been found to be adequate.____. Most
probably we must mean something by it.
A) His definition, quite understandably, soon
returned to favour
B) Even so, the word is still in constant use
C) At a still later period soul and character were
equated
D) If there had been further developments in this
line they may have proved significant
E) The next step would then have been to
differentiate between soul and body.
12. The Japanese have a strong aesthetic sense; they
beautify, adorn and decorate everything they
touch.____. It is cut into an artistic shape and
given a colour scheme with carefully placed pieces
of tomato and herbs.
A) Apparently they get a great deal of satisfaction
out of such elegant displays
B) The art of flower arrangement is particularly
well developed in Japan
C) Many of these arrangements consist of only two or
three flowers and a spring of green
D) Naturally this is especially true of the women of
that country
E) A sandwich in Japan is not a sandwich. It is a
work of art designed to appeal not just to the
palate but also to the eye.
13. ____. Composers such as Schubert, Schuman,
Listz, and Berlioz sought a new freedom in musical
expression. Form became of less importance than
content; and that content frequently had literary
connections.
A) Wordsworth is one of the best-known of all
English Romantic poets
B) Mendelssohn and Brahms are the two most typical
representative composers of the Romantic era
C) The Romantic movement, which began around the
year 1800 in literature, also had its counterpart in
music.
D) Indeed, the Romantic movement itself did not last
very long
E) Amongst the Romantic composers, Brahms has
generally been the most popular
14. The Dalullo Islanders in the Pacific were
originally the mutineers of the ship Bounty. They
took possession of the island of Dalullo in 1680,
and it was not until 1704 that their whereabouts
were ascertained, accidentally, by a passing
ship._____. In the course of years they increased so
much in numbers that they were too many for the
island to support. In conclusion, in 1856 they were
removed by the British Government to the much larger
Norfolk Island.
A) The Bounty was originally chartered to explore
the Pacific islands and establish British colonies
there
B) Actually, much of their history is still
controversial and there is a considerable difference
of opinion about their origin
C) Up to that date trade in the Pacific region had
been their main occupation
D) The British Government sponsored a number of
search projects, but all of them ended in failure
E) The mutineers, under their leader Adams, had
settled to a communal existence and married Tahitian
women
15. Underdeveloped countries are those in which
economic structure and development are held back.
The causes of the situation of underdevelopment are
complicated, but two opposing sets of theories
dominate discussion._____. On the other hand, there
are the theories that ascribe underdevelopment
directly to the distortions of economic structure
and the exploitation involved in the relations
between the developed and the underdeveloped
countries.
A) In other words, development and underdevelopment
are mutually interdependent
B) This view implies that the state and process of
underdevelopment in certain countries is inevitable
C) On the one hand, there are those theories that
attribute underdevelopment to the internal
characteristics of the underdeveloped countries
themselves
D) Accordingly, such countries are responsible for
their own underdevelopment
E) However, no country in the world is completely
isolated from the current monetary policies
16. The purpose of a novel varies with its type.
Mark Hackler’s statement has a fundamental validity:
"the object of a novel should be to instruct in
morals while it amuses." At one extreme, some novels
are expressly meant to teach, such as some
children's novels and social novels._____. Yet, one
can claim that the aim of most novels is to reveal
and stimulate thought and aspect of human behaviour
both individually and in personal and social
relationship.
A) Hence, fantasy has become increasingly popular,
especially in the form of science fiction
B) Thus, a novel is a fictitious prose narrative,
usually of more than fifty thousand words in length
C) On the whole, Daniel Defoe is regarded as the
first notable English novelist
D) At the other, some novels are meant simply as
entertainment such as detective stories and much
science fiction
E) At the same time, the reading public has
increased in numbers, especially among the educated.
17. _____. Difficult, is not it? Yet 150 years ago,
that's exactly what it was. Over a century and a
half the people of Hong Kong have managed to
transform that rock into a world financial centre.
With a government committed to free trade and free
enterprise, and also due to its location in the
heart of the Asia Pacific region, Hong Kong has
thrived and is now the world's eleventh largest
trading economy.
A) Imagine Hong Kong as a barren rock
B) There are a host of reasons behind Hong Kong's
economic success
C Hong Kong has a harbour which has been described
as the world's busiest
D) Imagine what one can achieve in Hong Kong
E) Think of the excellent investment opportunities
Hong Kong offers today
18. Today most of France's 600.000 Jews are well
established and assimilated, though some pockets of
anti-Semitism still remain. Research earlier this
decade found one in four Frenchmen complaining that
there were numerous Jews in France, while one in
five admitted to feelings of antipathy towards
them_____.
A) During the Second World War the Vichy government
introduced laws dial banned Jews from holding a wide
range of jobs.
B) According to another poll at the time, only 9%
said they would not vote for a Jew as a president.
C) As a result, from the 13th century until the
French Revolution in 1789, Jews in France as in many
other places in Europe, were systematically
persecuted
D) Even so the Germans still wrestle with their
consciences over their attitude, past and present,
to the Jews
E) In 1995, Chirac became the first French president
to admit the French state's responsibility in
rounding up the Jews to be sent to Nazi
extermination camps
19. Africans have at last lost patience with their
government. They are especially angry about
declining living standards, the breakdown of law and
order. The government officials in particular, are
full of complaints._____. Most of them are members
of militant trade unions, through which they
demonstrate and go on strike. Therefore, chaos and
continuous political instability can never be
averted.
A) It is possible that market forces and world
economic conditions can upset their high hopes for
improvement
B) Among the demonstrators are people from the
countryside who have been flooding into towns
seeking a better life
C) Undoubtedly, Africans want multi-party democracy
and are working hard to achieve it
D) As most governments are short of cash, these
officials are underpaid or paid late
E) Certainly, people tend to accept painful policies
more readily from elected
governments than from dictators
20. When you're in a car the only thing you can do
is to look at the countryside as if you're looking
at a TV screen._____. Then, you're entirely in
contact with it all. You're in the scene, not just
watching it.
A) In fact, there are several programs to choose
from.
B) When the weather's wet and windy this is a great
advantage.
C) When you're on a bicycle it's completely
different.
D) It is presumably much easier to drive in a rural
area.
E) In the cities the amount of traffic is steadily
increasing.
21. The exposition is devoted to the work of L. C.
Tiffany, an American designer._____. Many of the
displays are on loan from private collections and
museums.
A) Much of the money he had gained, he donated to
the charity.
B) In fact, he had a large family to support.
C) Some of the awards he had received were not
really deserved.
D) It emphasizes the wide variety of his interests
as an artist.
E) It's an attempt to offer a selection of work of
famous American designers.
22. The Niagara Falls are one of the great natural
wonders of the world._____. The Canadian Fall is
almost twice as broad as the American Fall, however
it is ten feet lower. The grandeur and the beauty of
the Falls cannot be described.
A) The temperature varies accordingly.
B) Vast quantities of electric power are needed for
industry.
C) That's why some people prefer to visit the Falls
in winter.
D) Even in the summer the Falls attract tourists.
E) The Falls are in two parts, separated by an
island.
23. _____. For example, military scientists detonate
sophisticated bombs with them, while surgeons
perform very delicate operations by means of them.
In fact laser beams can be focused to spot one
fifteenth the size of a human hair, but they are
intense enough to kill cancer cells.
A) The use of laser in medicine is still distrusted
by a great majority of doctors.
B) Laser technology is still in its elementary and
theoretical stage.
C) Today, laser is largely confined to laboratory
situations.
D) Science fiction draws elaborately upon laser
technology.
E) The use of laser beams, for a variety of
purposes, is growing constantly.
24. There are lo less than 140 countries comprising
the so called "third world" know variously as "less
developed" or "developing" or "underdeveloped" or
"poor" countries. There is a great variety among
them, and yet they have numerous features in
common._____. For example, some of the oil-producing
countries have achieved very high levels of income
per capita while retaining many of other
characteristics of less developed countries.
A) Their natural sources are so limited that
economically they are mostly dependent on
international aid.
B) Population explosion is a major problem many
countries are unable to cope with.
C) In such countries there is a great demand for an
educated and skilled workforce.
D) Death rates have fallen sharply in response to
improved health services.
E) Foremost among these is their poverty, but even
poverty is not universal.
25. Trade unions started out as social clubs._____.
It was not up to 1881 that they were legally
recognized. From that day on they rapidly grew in
power. The significant question today is whether
they really use that power in the interests of the
members.
A) Then they simply aimed at getting fair treatment
for the workers and better working conditions.
B) Within a short space of time, they grew into
powerful organizations.
C) Consequently, membership has never been optional.
D) The movement turned out to be short-lived.
E) Surprisingly enough it hasn't attracted.
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