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TEST
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1) . ___. They prefer to nest in a large hollow in a
tree or even to occupy the deserted nest of a hawk
or crow. These structures are large and rough, built
of sticks and bark and lined with leaves and
feathers. Sometimes owls nest on a rocky ledge, or
even on bare ground.
A) Owls are poor home builders,
B) It takes a long Time to raise a family of owlets,
C) The mother lays two or three eggs,
D) The mother stoically settles herself on the nest,
E) The parent birds weary of family life by November
and drive the young owls away to establish hunting
ranges of their own.
2) . We all know that learning is important. ____? A
dictionary may tell you that learning is acquiring
knowledge through experience and study. A teacher
might tell you that it is memorizing what he wants
you to know for an examination. Your boss might tell
you that it is mastery of the task you are hired to
do. A psychologist might tell you that it is a
relatively permanent change in behaviour due to past
experience. Obviously, learning takes place in many
ways and forms.
A) How is it managed
B) What exactly do you mean
C) Yet can one depend on it
D) But what exactly is it
E) Do you think it can be mastered
3) . Someone once said that there are three sides to
every uncertain issue: your side, my side, and the
right side. ____. For instance, the reactions 1:o
the issue of abortion are usually divided into two
basic: viewpoints: for or against. But the issue is
not that simple. Other questions begin to surface,
which turn the issue into a complex one and make it
necessary for us to look at it from many sides.
A) Unknowingly people become conditioned to speak
out of prejudice
B) In truth, there may be many sides, depending upon
the issue instead
C) As we mature, our beliefs are also shaped both
directly and indirectly by the media
D) Consequently our thinking process becomes
evaluated by other's opinions,
E) Even when we think we are acting as individuals
by rejecting the ideas of one group, we are often
just accepting the ideas of another.
4) . Some sociologists are concerned that America
is/no longer "a melting pot," but "a salad bowl."
Unlike most earlier immigrants who were willing to
learn English and wanted to "melt" into American
life, many of today's immigrants do not see the
need. ____ ? How will all this affect American/s
future?
A) Why did most European immigrants settle in the
cities rather than/on farms
B) What was city life like for most immigrants
C) What changes can we expect in the make-up of
American's population by the year 2002
D) What hardships did the early immigrants face when
they arrived in America.
E) How far back can an American trace his roots
5) . .---- o The filtering economy they inherited
was now under
additional pressure from those newly unemployed,
including the million- man army of the former
regime. There were critical shortage of foreign
exchange and gold much of which had been stolen in
the final days of the war. There were also at least
two million new refugees, nearly 20% of the
population. Virtually, the country was in a state of
total bankruptcy.
A) The end of the war in Vietnam brought massive
problems to the new leaders of the country.
B) In the first place, all industry was nationalized
by the new Vietnam government
C) One unexpected problem facing the new government
has continuing military activity
D) One solution to the urban problems facing Vietnam
was to get people to return to the countryside,
E) In their first months in power Vietnam's new
leaders succeeded in persuading hundreds of
thousands of people to move back to their farms.
6) . Getting information on a possible adversary or
adversaries is only the start of intelligence
process. The raw material, once in hand, must be
drawn together, analyzed, correlated, and evaluated
prior to it becomes useful knowledge. ____. From
this appraisal, which points to his most likely
course of ac ion, the target state can chart a
course of action best designed
to meet the developing situation.
A) The ethics of secret intelligence operations have
long been debated
B) At this stage there emerges an estimate of the
adversary's intentions and of his ability to achieve
them.
C) But the richest source is usually the secret
agent, who is always a highly skilled and
well-trained professional.
D) Intelligence findings are, therefore, usually
classified and limited in circulation
E) In recent decades technology has enormously
lengthened the reach and sharpened the he
penetration of intelligence.
7) . In the 1900s cancer was nearly always fatal; by
the 1930s .one out of five cancer patients was
saved; by 1975 treatment was successful in one out
of every three cancer patients ____.
A) New evidence suggests that the highest risk for
lung cancer occurs in asbestos workers who smoke.
B) Indeed every one knows that cancer refers to a
group of over 120 different diseases
C) Today scientists and physicians believe that half
of all cancer patients can be saved if present
knowledge is applied promptly in every case,
D) Rehabilitation of the cancer patient has become
an important new concern for social workers,
E) The aim of cancer rehabilitation is to help the
patient lead as normal a life as possible.
8) . The idea that oil originated in the sea is
supported by several evidence. First, almost all the
oil-fields on Earth are near the oceans of
today.......... Further, the rocks in which oil is
found are sedimentary rocks, which were formed
originally in the sea. Lastly, shells and other
proofs of sea life are usually found near an oil
well.
A) In some places, oil is in fact found in the sea,
where it comes up to the surface.
B) On the other hand, the large oceans contain
significant unexplored and unexploited oil reserves.
C) Undersea oil provides a great potential for us to
increase our oil production, considerably in the
future.
D) However, oil reserves in the sea are difficult to
exploit for practical reasons.
E) Yet, it is easier to work on land for better.
9) ....... They were encouraged to share their
feelings, observations and reservations at informal
sessions throughout the program. In the end of the
semester, skills acquired during the program were
applied by students in the form of original
productions.
A) Students were not really prepared for such a
course.
B) An entrance exam had to be passed.
C) Not many were really eligible for such a course.
D) I really felt that the students were
over-qualified.
E) The students were informed of the experimental
nature of this one year program.
10) . There are no less than 120 countries the
so-called third world known variously as less
developed. There is a great diversity among them,
and yet they have a number of qualities in
common....... For instance, some of the oil
producing countries have achieved very high levels
of income per capita while retaining many of the
other characteristics of less developed countries.
A) Their natural sources are so limited that
economically they are mostly dependent on
international aid.
B) Population explosion is a major problem many
countries are unable to cope with.
C) In such countries there is a great demand for an
educated and skilled workforce.
D) Death rates have fallen sharply in response to
improved health services
E) Foremost among these is their poverty, but even
poverty is not universal.
11) . Even the smallest organization, public or
private, has a personal function. People are an
organization's the most important resource and,
although the relations between the
personnel department and other department are not
always obvious, it is important that cooperation
between all departments and personnel is maintained.
It is the personnel department, with the help of
other departments, which will decide any manpower
policies by recruiting, selecting and training all
employees.........
A) This shows that personnel departments carry out
crucial functions in organizations.
B) That is why institutions will be forced to make
huge investments.
C) Certainly, some functions such as research or
legal advice are carried out by different staff.
D) In fact, no government agency would have been
involved in such a case.
E) Initially, each department was required to submit
their proposals for improvement.
12) . It was the worst ice-storm in living memory.
What started in the clouds as rain became ice as it
hit power lines, houses and shop windows....... Well
over 90,000 people had to leave their freezing homes
for those of luckier or better equipped
neighbours.
A) It fell for days and it paralyzed much of Quebec,
knocking out the power supply to 3 million people.
B) Until then it was regarded as one of the worst
natural disasters ever to hit Canada.
C) The cleaning up process was soon in full swing
and life returned to normal.
D) Old people in particular are at risk if
temperatures continue to fall in this way.
E) The midweek forecast for the area is far from
encouraging.
13) . Bulbs are ideal for garden lovers because they
are easy to plant and flower well in their first
season....... and grow happily in all types of soil.
They come up year after year and delight the eye
with their rich colours and lovely shapes.
A) They require comparatively little attention.
B) The tulip, however, isn't everybody's favourite
flower.
C) As a result, the site must be chosen with great
care.
D) Of these the crocus is native to Turkey.
E) Even experienced gardeners get disappointing
results.
14) . Countries has its own stories that people tell
each other. These stories are called folk tales.
Folk tales tell something very important about
people...... Instead they indicate that people
everywhere are very much alike.
A) They give a lot of information about their
cultural heritage.
B) They don't show us that we are different.
C) However, they vary from one country to another.
D) Despite cultural differences, folk tales exhibit
striking similarities.
E) So every child enjoys listening to them.
15) ....... It is only when the runner successfully
overcomes all the difficulties inherent in every one
of the stages he has to pass through that we can
confidently say that success has been attained.
A) I would not advise anyone to take up sport for
there are too many dangerous steps.
B) Becoming a good runner is a process that goes on
at several levels and continues over many years.
C) Sport is something that everyone at every age can
do.
D) For everyone who wants to become a good athlete,
it is advisable that they should first consult their
doctors.
E) Many runners have come and gone in the last
decade.
16) . At the beginning of this century, a group of
writers from scattered mid western cities came
together in commercial Chicago. From the rough
immediacy of the city, they created a style that was
distinctively and unsparingly realistic.........In
fact the critics were soon to describe Chicago as
the literary capital of the US.
A) Most of them, however, eventually moved away from
Chicago.
B) The "Chicago Renaissance" fuelled by these
writers soon captured the attention of the rest of
the nation.
C) It is now a commonplace of literary criticism
that there is a close relationship between cities
and their writers.
D) Chicago is indeed a city of absorbing contrast,
and not least in the field of architecture.
E) American realism differs in many obvious ways
from European realism.
17) . It is now a commonplace to note how the
aircraft and the TV box have changed our old ideas
of geography. Technology has indeed compressed time
and space....... In the past people grew familiar
with their neighbours across the seas slowly and
gradually over generations. This is no longer the
case. The
meeting is abrupt and often violent.
A) The Pacific world at that time had already the
experience of centuries of commerce behind it.
B) Documentaries of the natural world are
particularly instructive.
C) Naturally older people tend to feel nostalgic
about their youth.
D) It was Spain in the sixteenth century that
pioneered this sort of work.
E) But living with these new realities is not so
easy as talking about them.
18) . In the beginning of 1910s cancer was nearly
always fatal; by the 1920s one out of five cancer
patients was saved; by 1978, treatment was
successful in one out of every three cancer
patients.......
A) New evidence suggests that the highest risk for
lung cancer occurs in asbestos workers who smoke.
B) Indeed everyone knows that cancer refers to group
of over 100 different diseases.
C) Today scientists and physicians believe that half
of cancer patients can be saved if present knowledge
is applied promptly in every case.
D) Rehabilitation of the cancer patient has become
an important new concern for social workers.
E) The aim of cancer rehabilitation is to help the
patient lead as normal a life as possible.
19) .1982 was not an easy year for the Heinlemann
Government in Britain. It was a year of
confrontation with the trade unions...... Indeed, it
was even forced to adopt certain policies similar to
those which it had attacked so vehemently
when it had been in opposition.
A) Finally, after 1982, there was industrial action
in protest against the Government's prices and
incomes policy.
B) These problems were aggravated by persistently
high levels of unemployment, especially in certain
regions.
C) It was also a year in which the pressure of
circumstances forced the Government to abandon many
of the initiatives it had started in 1980.
D) Moreover, negotiations with the EEC started
immediately after the general election of 1980.
E) Consequently, a 90-day standstill was imposed on
wages, and prices and charges for goods and services
were similarly frozen.
20) . Many people take vitamins for illness ......
For anaemia they swallow vitamin B and D. When
winter arrives, they quickly consume huge quantities
of Vitamin C. However, they may not be doing
themselves all that much good. Certainly the use of
vitamins can be beneficial, but taken in large
quantities, they can also be dangerous.
A) To heal wounds or cure certain diseases, they may
take vitamin E or A, sometimes both.
B) Unfortunately, many people believe that if one
vitamin is good, two are better.
C) While a daily vitamin supplement is undoubtedly
beneficial, there is no evidence that large doses of
vitamins do much good.
D) Excessive use of vitamin D can lead to kidney
damage, and vitamin A may cause incurable skin
problems.
E) It is a fact that nowadays people use vitamins
excessively.
21) . We all know that learning is important.
........ ? A good dictionary can tell you that
learning is to acquire knowledge through study. A
teacher might tell you that it is memorizing what
she wants you to know for an examination. Your boss
might tell you that it is mastery of the task you
are hired to do. A psychologist might tell you that
it is a relatively permanent change in behaviour due
to past experience. Obviously, learning takes place
in many ways and forms.
A) How is it managed
B) What exactly do you mean
C) Yet one can depend on it
D) But what exactly is it
E) Do you think it can be mastered
22) . Undeveloped countries are those in which
economic structure and development are too slow. The
causes of the condition of lack of development are
complex, but two opposing sets of theories dominate
discussion....... On the other
hand there are the theories that ascribe
underdevelopment directly to the distortions of
economic structure and the exploitation involved in
the relations between the developed and the
underdeveloped countries.
A) In other words, development and underdevelopment
are mutually interdependent.
B) This view implies that the state and process of
underdevelopment in certain countries is inevitable.
C) On the one there are those theories that
attribute lack of development to the internal
characteristics of the undeveloped countries
themselves.
D) Accordingly, such countries are responsible for
their own underdevelopment.
E) However, no country in the world is completely
isolated from the current monetary polices.
23) . Collecting information on a possible adversary
or adversaries is only the start of the intelligence
process. The raw materials, must be drawn together,
analyzed and evaluated before it becomes useful
knowledge. ...... From this appraisal,
which points to this most likely course of action
the target state can chart a course of action best
designed to meet the developing situation.
A) The ethics of secret intelligence operations have
long been debated.
B) At this stage there emerges an estimate of the
adversary's intentions and of his ability to achieve
them.
C) But the richest source is usually the secret
agent, who is always a highly skilled and well
trained professional.
D) Intelligence findings are, therefore, usually
classified and limited in circulation.
E) In recent decades, technology has enormously
lengthened the reach and sharpened the penetration
of intelligence.
24) . The natives of the Canaries in the Pacific
were originally the mutineers of the ship Bounty.
They took possession of the island of the islands in
1790, and it was not until 1814 that their
whereabouts were ascertained, accidentally, by a
passing
ship....... In the course of years they increased so
much in numbers that they were too many for the
island to support. Finally, in 1856 they were
removed by the U.S. Government to the much larger
Norfolk Island.
A) The Bounty was originally chartered to explore
the Pacific Islands and establish British colonies
there.
B) Actually, much of their history is still
controversial and there is a considerable difference
of opinion about their origin.
C) Up to that date trade in the Pacific region had
been their main occupation.
D) The British Government sponsored a number of
search projects, but all of them ended in failure.
E) The mutineers, under their leader Adams, had
settled to a communal existence and married several
women.
25) . The planets are the celestial bodies that
revolve round the sun in elliptical orbits, ......
There are also a large number of minor planets,
commonly called asteroids. Today many things
concerning the planets can be answered by means of
probes sent to them. These include the measurement
of the magnetic
field, if any, of the planets and the study of their
atmospheres.
A) Among them Pluto was the last planet to be
discovered in 1930 by the American astronomer
Tombaugh.
B) At present only nine major planets are known, and
they are different in many respects from the fixed
stars.
C) Scientists have recently managed to land on the
surface of Mars with an extremely efficient
instrument for exploration.
D) Yet, the moon revolves round the earth and has
already been explored.
E) However, Pluto is the most distant of the planets
and has an orbit more elliptical than the other
planetary orbits.
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