TEST – 40
Looking ahead from the present position where food
production has kept ahead of population growth
globally, but has fallen per capita in 55 (mainly
African) countries, it would seem that these trends
will continue. About 30 countries - most of them
African - can expect serious problems unless they
reduce population growth and give higher priority to
agriculture and conservation. Though a warmer,
wetter earth with high CO2 levels is likely to be
capable of producing more food, the amounts will
still be inadequate for many poorer countries. In
many cases, the population projections are greater
than the entire local land resources can support.
1. Of all the countries in the world it is those in
Africa ___.
A. which have taken the most drastic measures to
prevent population growth
B. that are most threatened by food shortages
C. which are environmentally most at a disadvantage
D. that are most conscious of the need to preserve
the environment
E. in which poverty has been greatly reduced through
agricultural development
2. It is argued in the passage that __.
A. changes in world climate are increasing the
problems of food production
B. agricultural development will presently put an
end to global food shortages
C. with the exception of African countries, the
global production of food is adequate and likely to
continue so
D. the conservation of land resources is of minor
importance
E. every effort must be made to prevent the CO2
level from rising
3. According to the passage, it is anticipated that
__.
A. the per capita income in Africa countries will
continue to increase
B. food production will double in the years ahead
C. the present situation concerning population
growth and food production will soon improve
D. all the African countries will soon solve all
their population problems
E. unless serious measures are taken, the poor
countries of the world will be faced with famine
Psychology is literally the study of the mind (or
soul) but its area has broadened somewhat in the
last century as we have learned that one cannot
consider the mind as totally isolated from the body,
and it now includes the study of human personality
and behaviour. Psychologists also study the
behaviour and brain of animals whenever such studies
throw light on human behaviour. It is important to
realize that
psychologists are first and foremost trained as
scientists rather than as medical experts and do not
necessarily take much interest in abnormalities of
the brain and mental process.
4. As can be inferred from the passage, psychology
__.
A. has in time developed as a branch of medicine
B. has always been confined to the study of the mind
C. is not concerned with the mind alone, but also
with human-personality and behaviour
D. primarily concentrates on the study of animal
behaviour
E. mostly deals with mental abnormalities
5. In the passages, attention is drawn to the fact
that __.
A. psychologists give great importance to the study
of mental processes for medical purposes
B. psychologists are basically scientists
C. the body and the mind are separate entities in
the eyes of psychologists
D. the human mind can be best understood through the
study of animal behaviour
E. there have been no noticeable developments in
psychology since the last century
6. It is pointed out in the passage that __.
A. a close cooperation between psychologists and
medical experts is essential
B. the study of human behaviour alone is what
interests present-day psychologists
C. as a branch of science, psychology is no longer
to be understood in its literal sense
D. the mind and the body function independently
E. in recent years psychologists have concentrated
mostly on the study of the mind
Aid to underdeveloped countries takes many forms and
it is given for many reasons. Underdeveloped
countries need aid to provide finance for
development projects to provide foreign exchange
with which imports for development purpose can be
bought; and to provide the trained manpower and
technical knowledge they lack. The motives of the
donor are not always humanitarian. "Aid can take a
military form; it can be used to support an
incompetent or unjust government. Nor is aid always
beneficial to the recipient country. It may be
wasted on ill-concerned or prestige projects, or
cause the government simply to relax its own
efforts.
7. In the passage, it is argued that the reasons
behind the aid given to underdeveloped countries __.
A. are always of a military nature
B. are varied in purpose and in effect
C. can be disregarded altogether
D. invariably involved humanitarian principals
E. relate only to the technical needs of the
recipient country
8. One infers from the passage that what is
generally referred to as aid __.
A. usually leads to the overthrow of the government
of the recipient country
B. is in fact, monetary support for development
projects only
C. is actually one country's intervention in another
country's internal affairs
D. does not necessarily benefit the recipient
country
E. can really be regarded as a waste of resources
9. According to the passage, unless they receive
aid, underdeveloped countries __.
A. will loose their world-wide prestige
B. often face military coups
C. will be at the mercy of donor countries
D. will have to rely on foreign technical advice for
many years to come
E. cannot provide money and human recourses for
development
In one very long sentence, the introduction to the
UN Charter
expresses the ideals and the common goals of all the
peoples
whose governments joined together to form the UN. We
the peoples of the UN determined to save succeeding
generations from the scourge of war, which twice in
our lifetime has brought untold suffering to
mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental
rights, in the dignity and worth of the human
person, in the equal rights of men and women and of
nations large and small, and to establish conditions
under which justice and respect for the obligations
arising from treaties and other sources of
international law can be maintained, and to promote
social progress and better standards of life in
larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise
tolerance and live together in peace with one
another as good neighbours, and to unite our
strength to maintain international peace and
security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of
principles and the institution of methods, that
armed force shall not be used, save in the common
interest, and to employ international machinery for
the promotion of economic and social advancement of
all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to
accomplish these aims.
10. The first stated goal of the UN was ___
A. to supervise peace treaties
B. to establish "The United Nations".
C. to assist the "third world" countries
D. to prevent a third world war.
E. to create a situation which supports justice and
the
fulfilment of international agreements.
11. Under its Charter, the UN guarantees ___
A. to support economic and social advancement
B. never to use arms
C. better standards of housing
D. better education
E. the human rights
12. Following (line 4) means ___.
A. struggling
B. concentration
C. shared
D. following
E. successful
A society like that of medieval England would
nowadays be classified and described as
'pre-industrial'. Its income came mostly from
agriculture and by far the largest proportion of its
people was engaged in growing food. The numbers
occupied in trade and industry formed a
comparatively small proportion of the total; and
even those so occupied often combined their
industrial and commercial occupations with some
agricultural pursuits that does not, however, mean
that industrial and commercial activities were
altogether insignificant and played little part in
shaping the economic
geography of the country or in directing the way of
its economic development.
13. In medieval England .....
A) agriculture brought as high an income as industry
B) trade and industry were wholly unimportant
C) economic development depended on commerce
D) people made their living by working in factories
E) more people were engaged in agriculture than in
industry
14. In the passage, the author emphasizes the ...
A) increase in industrial activity in medieval
England
B) relative significance of agriculture over
industry
C) difficulty of growing food in the Middle Ages
D) role of industry in the development of
agriculture
E) dependence of England on commerce for growth
15. One can say that economic life in medieval
England ...
A) played a significant part in the rise of the
middle class
B) depended on agricultural activities only
C) did not consist entirely of agriculture
D) changed the geography as well as the history of
the country
E) was already more developed than in any other part
of the world
When we go to the theatre we expect to find some
excitement on the stage. We also hope not to be
bored by a lack of a good plot or movement. We want
our play to be somewhat close to real life, with
characters whom we can recognize as having a
'psychology' like our own. We want them to entertain
us and convey ideas and information which we did not
have before.
16. Good plot and movement .....
A) must not be boring for the audience
B) are among the elements we expect to find in a
good play
C) are the main elements which are not often found
in a play
D) can easily be found in every play
E) do not contribute to the enjoyment of a play
17. To the author, .....
A) we want to interpret the experiences of the
players
B) everybody shouldn't expect to find himself in a
play
C) nobody wants to see real life depicted in a play
D) characters in a play must relate to real people
E) we mustn't be emotionally affected by a play
18. In the passage the writer thinks that a play...
A) contains a number of unusual characters
B) should appeal to our senses only
C) must emphasize psychological rather than social
reality
D) often has an undesirable effect on the audience
E) must offer us new ideas and experiences
Researches show that more than three cups of coffee
a day can cause unpleasant symptoms such as
nervousness, irritability and insomnia. Thus,
although many people build up a certain tolerance
for the stimulant, experiments indicate that
caffeine users take longer to fall asleep than
non-users and they also wake up more often. The
effects of caffeine are similar in persons of all
ages, but certain groups are particularly sensitive
to the drug, including the elderly children,
pregnant women, and those suffering from heart
disease, hypertension, and emotional illness.
19. One can understand from the passage that...
A) children are particularly sensitive to some drugs
B) the effects of caffeine are deadly for all age
groups
C) coffee drinkers must sleep less
D) caffeine is the only cause of nervousness
E) most people can tolerate a moderate amount of
coffee a day
20. It is explained in the passage that...
A) over a certain amount of caffeine has a harmful
effect on our health
B) the elderly are more sensitive to caffeine than
any other age group
C) caffeine is good for a sound sleep
D) heart patients can tolerate fairly large amounts
of caffeine
E) the more caffeine one takes, the earlier one gets
up
21. The author stresses.....
A) how useful coffee is in our everyday life
B) that certain people should be particularly
careful about their daily caffeine intake
C) the need for many people to watch their health in
old age.
D) how serious some bodily disorders are.
E) the use of the experiments carried out to
determine people's tolerance to various drugs
The criminal justice system has three differently
organized parts: the police, the courts and
corrections. Each has separate tasks. But, these
parts are by no means independent of each other. The
courts must deal with those whom the police arrest;
the business of corrections is to reform those
delivered to it by the courts. However, it is not
certain whether convicts can actually be reformed at
all this way.
22. The writer....
A) believes that convicts receive unfair treatment
in courts
B) does not refer to the organization of the
criminal justice system
C) emphasizes the responsibility of the police in
the prevention of crime
D) argues for stronger measures in the criminal
justice system
E) is doubtful whether the justice system can reform
criminals
23. The passage is mainly about ....
A) the co-operation between the police and the
courts
B) the ways through which convicts are reformed
C) the institutional structure and functions of the
criminal justice system
D) the institutions which are not related to the
criminal justice system
E) the reforms needed in the criminal justice system
24. It is understood that the parts of the criminal
justice system....
A) have individually specified but interrelated
duties
B) lay down principles for the arrest of convicts
C) do not depend on one another at all
D) must sometimes exchange their roles
E) are organized to conduct trials
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