TEST – 39
The practical advantage of prefabrication are
two-fold: it is
quicker and it does away with uncertainty. Speed in
building
is important these days because of the high cost of
land: the
time during which such an expensive commodity is out
of use must be reduced to a minimum. And partly or
wholly
prefabricated methods of construction save time on
the job
because parts are prepared in the factory
beforehand.
Prefabrication does away with uncertainty because it
means
that the whole building is made of standard parts
the behaviour of which is known and has been tested.
1. Since land is extremely valuable it is important
that ___.
A. costs do not continue to rise
B. the building materials should also be expensive
C. people should not disagree as to the advantages
of prefabrication
D. building costs be reduced to a minimum
E. it does not remain out of use for long
2. One advantage of using prefabricated parts is
that __.
A. fewer skilled workmen are required
B. this method is much cheaper than standard methods
C. less land is required.
D. buildings can be put up much faster
E. there is more scope for experiment
3. When a building is constructed from standard
parts that have been well-tested ___.
A. there is no scope for originality
B. one is still not sure how they will behave in a
particular situation
C. new methods of construction are overlooked
D. one knows in advance that the result will be
satisfactory
E. the costs will naturally be excessively high
Since the major cost of advanced education, if the
student is away from home, is board and lodging, one
can argue that as far as possible the expansion of
public
education beyond high school should be arranged
locally. Otherwise, in order to offer equal
opportunities
we should have to envisage using public funds to
provide years of free board and room for a
considerable fraction of our high school graduates.
But there are various types of professional and
vocational education which can be given at only a
few centres in even a very populous state. It is
literally impossible, for example, to give adequate
instruction in clinical medicine except in cities of
sufficient size to support large hospitals.
Similarly, advanced work in the arts, sciences, and
letters can be done only where adequate libraries
and laboratories are at hand. It is clearly in the
national interest to find all the latent talent
available for the
lengthy training that research careers demand. Yet
to establish research centres at every point in the
United States where general education beyond the
high school is desired would be not merely
uneconomical, but impossible.
4. What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A. How education beyond high school should be
arranged
B. How lodging and board should be provided
C. How to provide free board and lodging
D. How to provide first-rate education for all
students
E. Why university education has failed in the USA
5. According to the author, all public education
beyond high school cannot be arranged locally
because
A. there would not be enough housing.
B. hospital services cannot be secured.
C. certain types of education would be too costly to
maintain.
D. that would be against equal-opportunity
principle.
E. most localities would grow beyond control.
6. The author points out that __.
A. researches centres should be established even in
the smallest towns.
B. there is no way a student can receive adequate
clinical education in a small hospital.
C. the only thing to do is to give up the ideal of
equal opportunity.
D. a talented student will be satisfactorily
educated no matter where he is educated.
E. he find it essential that all university students
should be given free board and lodging.
Looking ahead from the present position where food
production has kept ahead of population growth
globally, but has fallen per capita in 55 (mainly
African) countries, it would seem that these trends
will continue. About 30 countries - most of them
African - can expect serious problems unless they
reduce population growth and give higher priority to
agriculture and conservation. Though a warmer,
wetter earth with high CO2 levels is likely to be
capable of producing more food, the amounts will
still be inadequate for many poorer countries. In
many cases, the population projections are greater
than the entire local land resources can support.
7. Of all the countries in the world it is those in
Africa ___.
A. which have taken the most drastic measures to
prevent population growth
B. that are most threatened by food shortages
C. which are environmentally most at a disadvantage
D. that are most conscious of the need to preserve
the environment
E. in which poverty has been greatly reduced through
agricultural development
8. It is argued in the passage that __.
A. changes in world climate are increasing the
problems of food production
B. agricultural development will presently put an
end to global food shortages
C. with the exception of African countries, the
global production of food is adequate and likely to
continue so
D. the conservation of land resources is of minor
importance
E. every effort must be made to prevent the CO2
level from rising
9. According to the passage, it is anticipated that
__.
A. the per capita income in Africa countries will
continue to increase
B. food production will double in the years ahead
C. the present situation concerning population
growth and food production will soon improve
D. all the African countries will soon solve all
their population problems
E. unless serious measures are taken, the poor
countries of the world will be faced with famine
Psychology is literally the study of the mind (or
soul) but its area has broadened somewhat in the
last century as we have learned that one cannot
consider the mind as totally isolated from the body,
and it now includes the study of human personality
and behaviour. Psychologists also study the
behaviour and brain of animals whenever such studies
throw light on human behaviour. It is important to
realize that
psychologists are first and foremost trained as
scientists rather than as medical experts and do not
necessarily take much interest in abnormalities of
the brain and mental process.
10. As can be inferred from the passage, psychology
__.
A. has in time developed as a branch of medicine
B. has always been confined to the study of the mind
C. is not concerned with the mind alone, but also
with human- personality and behaviour
D. primarily concentrates on the study of animal
behaviour
E. mostly deals with mental abnormalities
11. In the passages, attention is drawn to the fact
that __.
A. psychologists give great importance to the study
of mental processes for medical purposes
B. psychologists are basically scientists
C. the body and the mind are separate entities in
the eyes of psychologists
D. the human mind can be best understood through the
study of animal behaviour
E. there have been no noticeable developments in
psychology since the last century
12. It is pointed out in the passage that __.
A. a close cooperation between psychologists and
medical experts is essential
B. the study of human behaviour alone is what
interests present-day psychologists
C. as a branch of science, psychology is no longer
to be understood in its literal sense
D. the mind and the body function independently
E. in recent years psychologists have concentrated
mostly on the study of the mind
Aid to underdeveloped countries takes many forms and
it is given for many reasons. Underdeveloped
countries need aid to provide finance for
development projects to provide foreign exchange
with which imports for development purpose can be
bought; and to provide the trained manpower and
technical knowledge they lack. The motives of the
donor are not always humanitarian. "Aid can take a
military form; it can be used to support an
incompetent or unjust government. Nor is aid always
beneficial to the recipient country. It may be
wasted on ill-concerned or prestige projects, or
cause the government simply to relax its own
efforts.
13. In the passage, it is argued that the reasons
behind the aid given to underdeveloped countries __.
A. are always of a military nature
B. are varied in purpose and in effect
C. can be disregarded altogether
D. invariably involved humanitarian principals
E. relate only to the technical needs of the
recipient country
14. One infers from the passage that what is
generally referred to as aid __.
A. usually leads to the overthrow of the government
of the recipient country
B. is in fact, monetary support for development
projects only
C. is actually one country's intervention in another
country's internal affairs
D. does not necessarily benefit the recipient
country
E. can really be regarded as a waste of resources
15. According to the passage, unless they receive
aid, underdeveloped countries __.
A. will loose their world-wide prestige
B. often face military coups
C. will be at the mercy of donor countries
D. will have to rely on foreign technical advice for
many years to come
E. cannot provide money and human recourses for
development
The practical advantage of prefabrication are
two-fold: it is
quicker and it does away with uncertainty. Speed in
building
is important these days because of the high cost of
land: the
time during which such an expensive commodity is out
of use must be reduced to a minimum. And partly or
wholly
prefabricated methods of construction save time on
the job
because parts are prepared in the factory
beforehand. Prefabrication does away with
uncertainty because it means
that the whole building is made of standard parts
the behaviour of which is known and has been tested.
16. Since land is extremely valuable it is important
that ___.
A. costs do not continue to rise
B. the building materials should also be expensive
C. people should not disagree as to the advantages
of prefabrication
D. building costs be reduced to a minimum
E. it does not remain out of use for long
17. One advantage of using prefabricated parts is
that __.
A. fewer skilled workmen are required
B. this method is much cheaper than standard methods
C. less land is required .
D. buildings can be put up much faster
E. there is more scope for experiment
18. When a building is constructed from standard
parts that have been well-tested ___.
A. there is no scope for originality
B. one is still not sure how they will behave in a
particular situation
C. new methods of construction are overlooked
D. one knows in advance that the result will be
satisfactory
E. the costs will naturally be excessively high
Computers can store vast amounts of information in a
very
small space and are used by the banks to keep
accounts, print
out statements and control transactions. They are
also used by the police to keep personal records,
fingerprints and other
details. In the rapidly developing field of robotics
computers
are now being used to control manual operations done
by machines. These two are taking over work,
previously done by people, in the manufacture of
cars, in weaving and other industries. Computers
play an important role in controlling artificial
satellites, decoding information and com-munications
generally. They are used to predict the weather with
increasing accuracy.
19. One can conclude from the passage that __.
A. computers have become an indispensable part of
our life
B. despite great advances in computer techniques,
they are not proving as useful as once hoped
C. weather forecasts carried out by computers are
not reliable at all
D. robotics has long been a field of keen scientific
interest for man
E. computerized banking has led to an increase in
unemployment
20. The author points out that __.
A. industry is turning back to traditional methods
of production
B. the police use computers to make sure that their
records are not leaked
C. the principal use of computers is in space
technology
D. computers are too complex for everyday use
E. the use of robots, directed by computers, is
becoming widespread in industry
21. The passage is not concerned with __.
A. the application of computers in industry
B. how computers are manufactured
C. the use of computers in communications and the
transfer of information
D. the conservation of information by computers
E. the role played by computers in crime detection
Since the major cost of advanced education, if the
student is away from home, is board and lodging, one
can argue that as far as possible the expansion of
public education beyond high school should be
arranged locally. Otherwise, in order to offer equal
opportunities we should have to envisage using
public funds to provide years of free board and room
for a considerable fraction of our high school
graduates. But there are various types of
professional and vocational education which can be
given at only a few centres in even a very populous
state. It is literally impossible, for example, to
give adequate instruction in clinical medicine
except in cities of sufficient size to support large
hospitals. Similarly, advanced work in the arts,
sciences, and letters can be done only where
adequate libraries and laboratories are at hand. It
is clearly in the national interest to find all the
latent talent available for the lengthy training
that research careers demand. Yet to establish
research centres at every point in the United States
where general education beyond the high school is
desired would be not merely uneconomical, but
impossible.
22. What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A. How education beyond high school should be
arranged
B. How lodging and board should be provided
C. How to provide free board and lodging
D. How to provide first-rate education for all
students
E. Why university education has failed in the USA
23. According to the author, all public education
beyond high school cannot be arranged locally
because
A. there would not be enough housing.
B. hospital services cannot be secured.
C. certain types of education would be too costly to
maintain.
D. that would be against equal-opportunity
principle.
E. most localities would grow beyond control.
24. The author points out that __.
A. researches centres should be established even in
the smallest towns.
B. there is no way a student can receive adequate
clinical education in a small hospital.
C. the only thing to do is to give up the ideal of
equal opportunity.
D. a talented student will be satisfactorily
educated no matter where he is educated.
E. he find it essential that all university students
should be given free board and lodging.
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