TEST – 33
Although rarely spoken about by society, child abuse
is one of the nation's most pressing problems today.
As population continues to grow, so does the number
of unwanted and unplanned children. It is estimated
that six or seven out of a hundred children will be
maltreated or neglected. Child abuse can come in
three forms: (1) passive cruelty in the neglect of
children by an unloving or uneducated parent; (2)
occasional cruelty in the momentary violent reaction
of a frustrated or overburdened parent; and (3)
consistent, deliberate cruelty in uncontrollable
actions by mentally sick parent. Simple neglect is
easiest to correct. Actual abuse on the spur of the
moment is more serious, but still much less so than
continual abuse due to mental illness.
1. The passage suggests that the problem of child
abuse ....
A. is slowly being overcome
B. has been greatly overestimated
C. does not receive as much attention as it should
D. is confined to only a little over 10% of the
population
E. has led to an increase in mental illness
2. The most serious type of child abuse .....
A. is that perpetuated wilfully by an unbalanced
parent.
B. is also the type that can most easily be
corrected
C. first occurred when parents had to work long
hours and were under stress
D. is due to ignorance or lack of interest, and so
is impossible to correct
E. can be reduced by family planning programmes
3. The passage points out that the parents of abused
children .....
A. are often very well educated people
B. usually take pleasure in hurting their children
C. are never deliberately cruel
D. normally regret any pain they have caused
E. very often have social and mental problems
During 1974 the two major problems that has faced
the industrially developed countries were an
unprecedented rise in prices and a serious
deterioration in the external payments position,
both legacies of the quadrupling of oil prices at
the end of the previous year." Most governments,
therefore, were forced to adopt monetary and fiscal
policies aimed at curbing inflation, and by the
early 1975 the external payments position had
improved some-what in most Western industrialized
countries. These anti-inflationary policies,
however, depressed the level of business activity.
4. The economic crisis of 1974 ...
A. had a serious and lasting impact on unemployment
B. grew even more serious in 1975 in all the Western
industrialized societies
C. was a direct result of the sudden sharp increase
in late 1973 of oil prices
D. was confined to underdeveloped countries
E. contributed to an increase in monetary
transactions
5. In most countries efforts made in 1974 to curb
inflation ....
A. led to an improvement in the situation within a
year
B. increased unemployment and caused political
instability
C. caused an even greater deficit in external
payments
D. failed totally due to the ever increasing oil
prices
E. received the full support of industrialists
6. The author argues that inflation in 1974 .......
A. was mishandled by a majority of governments
B. also showed itself clearly in the growing deficit
in the balance of payments
C. hit developed countries more than underdeveloped
countries
D. eventually brought about a business boom
E. finally did bring down the price of oil.
The great wave of international terrorism that first
reached a climax in 1972 showed no signs of abating
in 1975. Strictly speaking, the phenomenon was not
new; what was new was its rapid growth in the 1970s,
made possible by increasingly sophisticated
technology. Some of this new technology consists of
specialized equipment, such as miniaturized or
remote-control detonating devices, hand-held rocket
launchers, and the like, which make terrorism more
lethal, more effective, and less risky for the
terrorist. But even improvements in generally
available technology are important. For example,
self-dialling international telephone communications
and jet travel facilitate conspiracies across
national boundaries and the perpetration of
political crimes by nationals of country in another.
The growth of television has contributed to the easy
dissemination of terrorist techniques, such as
hijacking of aircraft and the kidnapping of
diplomats or businessmen for ransom.
7. It is argued that.....
A. governments have not taken adequate measures to
protect diplomats and businessmen.
B. owing to technological innovations terrorism has
been on the decline since the early 1970.
C. among the methods resorted to by terrorists,
kidnapping and hijacking are the most common.
D. the manufacture of sophisticated technological
equipment should be under strict governmental
control.
E. various advances in technology have contributed
to the increase in terrorism through the world.
8. Among the terrorist activities mentioned in the
passage is .....
A. drug-trafficking
B. smuggling
C. the taking of hostages
D. propaganda
E. infiltration
9. It is pointed out in the passage that .....
A. political crimes make up only a small part of
terrorism
B. today terrorism is no longer confined to one
country alone
C. because of more lethal weapons terrorists find
themselves in greater danger
D. prior to the 1970s terrorism was unknown
E. improved communications have led to the capture
of more
terrorists
It is obvious that the purpose of education will
determine the content of the curriculum, the methods
employed, the kind of education given to children
and young persons. This functional relationship is
frequently overlooked. Until recently there were
many educationalists who thought that education
should be discussed without reference to the
objectives and values of the community in which it
was given. The number of such theorists lessens
under the impact of modern conditions, but there
still exist many who appear
to think that problems of the curriculum can be
dealt with in this abstract manner.
10. It is now often, but not always, recognized
that....
A. problems of the curriculum are largely
theoretical
B. problems of the curriculum must be dealt with in
terms of objectives
C. the contents of the curriculum should be
determined by the community
D. more abstract matters should be included in the
curriculum
E. there is very little connection between the
purpose of education and the values of the community
11. The passage emphasizes that........
A. the methods employed in education has led to
noticeable improvements in the curriculum
B. many education theorists have been attaching too
much importance to modern conditions
C. one must keep the ends in mind when determining
the means of education
D. in educational policy the needs of young people
have been given undue consideration
E. the community feels it hasn't been adequately
consulted in
educational matters
12. According to the passage, there has, in recent
years, been .....
A. a noticeable return of traditional educational
techniques
B. a growing discrepancy between educational policy
and the requirements of the community
C. an unprecedented increase in the number of young
people in need of education
D. a steady decrease in the theoretical approach to
education
E. among the young, a more active interest in
educational matters
From the point of view of the control of diseases,
World War
II represented a transitional period for
industrialized combatant countries. As far as
infectious diseases are concerned, the five years of
continual war and occupation had affected civilian
populations in Europe surprisingly less than did
warfare in previous conflicts. The most notable
increases in disease levels were those of new case
of tuberculosis, which rose steadily throughout
Western Europe, and of reported cases of typhoid
fever. Most seriously affected were displaced
persons, encamped refugees and inmates of
concentration camps. In marginally nourished and
starving patients, typhus, dysentery, scarlet fever,
and diphtheria caused sporadic outbreaks and many
deaths.
13. It is emphasized in the passage that ....
A. many of the deaths could have been avoided
through better health care
B. Western Europe was not exposed to any of the
infectious diseases during the war
C. most of Western Europe was occupied for a large
part of the war
D. refugees and the homeless were adequately taken
care of during the war
E. such infectious diseases such as typhus and
dysentery caused the loss of many lives among the
undernourished.
14. The author explains that....
A. among the homeless, it was children who were most
seriously affected
B. sanitary conditions in concentration camps were
terrible
C. owing to malnutrition, there was an unprecedented
outbreak of tuberculosis among the fighting men
D. due to the efficiency of health precautions, all
the infectious diseases had only a marginal effect
E. during the Second World War, civilians were not
affected by infectious diseases as much as it might
have been expected
15. The experience of the Second World War....
A. showed how inhuman were the conditions in the
concentration camps
B. encouraged industrialized countries to provide
housing for the homeless
C. proved valuable as regards the control of
diseases
D. has inspired many countries of Western Europe
with the idea of a lasting peace.
E. has contributed to the rapid industrialization of
the western world
Life, like all other processes that go on in
material bodies, requires energy. It differs from
some such processes in the way in which its energy
is obtained and from all of them in the way in which
its energy is directed. The energy of the process
which goes on in a boiling kettle is imparted to it
continually from without by the fire. The energy of
the process which goes on in a clock is stored in
it, but has been imparted to it by mechanical action
from without, in the winding of the spring. But life
differs from the other processes, and all processes
that go on in lifeless things, in that its energy is
liberated in such a way as to tend to the
preservation and increase of the living being.
16. The writer points out that all processes, living
or lifeless,.....
A. need energy
B. impart energy
C. depend on mechanical action
D. are wasteful of energy
E. have the same pattern
17. It is pointed out that every living process ....
A. uses the same amount of energy
B. is directed towards the maintenance of life
C. is aided by an outside source of energy
D. is capable of storing energy
E. resembles processes in lifeless things
18. The most distinctive feature of mechanical
energy, as opposed to life energy, is that it
.......
A. is always directed to the preservation of life
B. can be controlled
C. cannot be stored
D. is supplied from outside
E. is obtained from the same source
Nigeria is heavily dependent on the export of crude
oil to finance industrial development. 90% of
Nigeria's exports by value are crude oil. At current
production rates, known reserves are only sufficient
until the end of the century. Industrialization was
boosted after 1973 following the fourfold increase
in oil prices. In the early 1980s prices fell, and
Nigeria lost important income. Oil production peaked
in 1974 when output reached 112 million tonnes.
19. It is pointed out in the passage that the sharp
rise in oil prices in 1973
A. had less effect on Nigeria's economy than might
have been expected
B. contributed greatly to industrial development in
Nigeria
C. coincided with a considerable fall in oil
production
D. provided Nigeria with a high revenue well into
the late 1980s
E. put a great deal of pressure on Nigeria's oil
reserves
20. It is understood from the passage that only a
fraction of Nigeria's exports
A. are goods other than crude oil
B. would be needed to support industrial development
C. were affected by the fall in oil prices in the
1980s
D. were oil-related
E. have benefited from price increases
21. According to the passage, so long as the current
rate of oil production is maintained ……….
A. world oil prices are not expected to rise
significantly
B. Nigeria's industrial development plans will soon
be fully realized
C. Nigeria is likely to have no oil reserves left by
the year 2000
D. Nigeria will continue to enjoy large revenues
E. the variety of goods exported from Nigeria will
increase
Real depression cannot be as easily overcome as some
people often suppose. It usually passes with time -
but the time can seem endless. Activities giving
companionship and a new interest can help. But for
the sufferer to talk, again and again, about the
causes of the depression helps most. People with
depression need to be listened to and encouraged to
find their own solutions, not made to feel yet more
inadequate by good advice. They may need
professional counselling as well as the support of
family and friends.
22. In overcoming depression, the support of friends
and family …..
A. can best be directed into giving good advice
B. is the only solution
C. may cause more harm than good
D. never contributes to any improvement in the
patient
E. is not always sufficient
23. The writer suggests that people with depression.
A. should not be allowed much social activity.
B. should rely solely on professional counselling
C. need more than anything else, someone to listen
to them
D. ought to remain alienated from society for a long
time
E. receive an unnecessary amount of sympathy
24. According to the passage some people
A. seem to underestimate how difficult it is to get
over depression
B. suffer from depression over long periods of time
C. refuse to get professional counselling
D. suffering from depression have been cured through
the good advise of friends
E. with depression don't want to talk about their
problems
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