TEST – 31
Today, Canada is in the grip of a sudden industrial
revolution. While the first, something from the
1860s to the 1960s, shattered the main section of
the Canadian economy from agriculture to industry,
the new revolution is changing the economy away from
traditional smokestack manufacturing industries to
those based upon information, services and new
technologies. It took the country years to get used
to the cultural and social changes resulting from
the first industrial revolution, and it would be
rashly optimistic to assume that Canadians will not
face serious stresses in coming to terms with the
changes that are transforming the workplace today.
1. It can be understood from the passage that the
Canadian economy ____.
a. was, at the beginning, largely an agricultural
one
b. was, from the start, based on heavy industry
c. has, over the years, undergone very little
radical changes
d. has recently entered a period of recession
e. has invariably kept a balance between agriculture
and industry
2. The passage points out that the change in Canada
from an agricultural to an industrial economy ____.
a. was bitterly opposed by a large segment of
society
b. was achieved in a very short period of time,
actually only about two decades
c. made the use of information technologies
indispensable
d. brought with it many new cultural and social
conditions which took years to resolve
e. brought little benefit to the country as a whole
3. The author has the opinion that the
Canadians____.
a. will find the second industrial revolution hard
to cope with
b. are closing down heavy industry far too soon
c. don't pay adequate attention to conditions in the
workplace
d. may turn back to an agricultural economy
e. have already lost their control over
manufacturing industries
So many books was written on computers, computer
programming, and computer programming languages,
particularly C++. To write another book on C++, even
the newest C++ IV, probably seems difficult to most,
and it is with mild anxiety that, I, the author,
take place in this project. But, some good reasons
can be stated for doing just that. Most computer
professionals will agree that the field of computer
and information science has quickly become a valid
discipline for academia, and that changes are
occurring in computer programming languages. Both of
these facts demand that a new direction be taken in
presenting the subject.
4. One can understand from the passage that the
writer is somewhat apprehensive in case _____ .
a. computer sales should drop sharply
b. developments in computer programming will become
more and more costly
c. his book will be felt, by many people, to be
superfluous
d. computer programming should be taken over by
professionals
e. programming languages should become far more
complicated
5. We can understand from the passage that
publications on computer technology _____ .
a. are only concerned with C++ computer programming
b. have already reached a very high number
c. are brought out by academia for academia
d. invariably cause a great deal of public reaction
e. are largely repetitive and very costly
6. We understand that the author feels that his new
book on C++ is justified because _____ .
a. computer science is a new science with little
relevant literature
b. computer professionals have not as yet recognized
the changes taking place in computer science
c. it will boost the sale of computers throughout
the world
d. it introduces a new approach to computer
programming languages
e. it will change the concept of computer science
among academia
''Human rights'' is a fairly new name for what were
previously called ''the rights of man''. It was
Margaret Fuller in the 1950s who promoted the use of
the expression ''human rights'' when she discovered,
through her work in the United Nations, that the
rights of men were not considered in some parts of
the world to include the rights of women. The
''rights of man'' at an earlier date had itself
replaced the original term ''natural rights'' in
part, perhaps, for the concept of natural law, with
which the concept of natural rights was logically
connected, had become a subject of controversy.
7. The reader is explained the stages by which _____
.
a. the United Nations carries out its procedures
b. Margaret Fuller developed the idea of human
rights
c. the term ''human rights'' came into use
d. the various ''rights of man'' came to be
recognized
e. human rights are today being violated throughout
the world
8. By referring to Margaret Fuller, the passage
explains that before the 1950s, the term ''he right
of man'' _____ .
a. had always been used in conjunction with ''the
rights of women''
b. had come under severe criticism
c. had long been a subject of controversy among
politicians
d. had already become irrelevant in world politics
e. had often been misunderstood by some nations
9. It is clear in the passage that the disagreement
over the concept of natural law _____ .
a. was actually of no significance in many parts of
the world
b. meant that the term ''natural rights'' was no
longer acceptable
c. forced Margaret Fuller to introduce the term
''human rights''
d. undermined the work of the United Nations
e. was closely connected with the growing
recognition of the rights of women
The shopping centre emerged in the early 1920s in
the suburbs that surrounded American cities. Suburbs
of that time were residential and depended on the
traditional city centres for shopping. The first
suburban commercial centres had three certain
features: they consisted of a number of stores built
and managed by a single developer; they were usually
located at an important intersection, and they
provided plenty of free, off street parking. These
shopping centres were like small-town shopping
districts, both in their architecture, which was
carefully traditional, and in their position, which
integrated them into the surrounding neighbourhood.
The stores faced the street and the parking places
were usually in the rear.
10. One can understand from the passage that before
the introduction of shopping centres those living in
the residential suburban areas _____ .
a. were anxious to keep commercial activities there
to a minimum
b. usually preferred to go to nearby small towns in
order to do their shopping
c. found parking a great problem when they went
downtown to shop
d. had to go into the centre of the city to do their
shopping
e. felt that shopping facilities could not be
integrated into such neighbourhoods
11. It is clear in the passage that a popular
location for the early shopping centres in the
United States was _____ .
a. the very heart of a big city with roads directly
serving all the suburbs
b. one near an important road junction with space
enough to provide adequate perking facilities
c. the villages bordering on the suburbs of a town
since they too would benefit from the facilities
d. a suitable point midway between two or three
suburban areas
e. one that was in the hands of a single developer
and architect
12. We learn from the passage that the new shopping
villages were like small-town shopping areas _____ .
a. since many architects felt these could hardly be
integrated effectively into suburban conditions
b. although the stories faced onto the parking lots,
not the streets
c. as regards both the architectural style and the
arrangement of the building
d. even though the architecture was very different
e. as most developers wanted to bring something new
into the commercial activities of the region
Many modern investigators have done research in the
field of sleep and their conclusions have often
differed extensively. Yet they all have agreed on
one point: sleep is nature's great restorer. Sleep
induces such aspects as absence of voluntary motion,
loss of awareness and the harsh sounds that we call
snoring. There are also changes in metabolism, in
the pulse rate, in blood pressure, in bodily
temperature, in nerve functions and in the nature of
bodily reflexes. Sleep is characteristic of both
plant and animal life. There were several theories
at the start of the present century to answer the
question "Why do we sleep?". According to one of
them,
nerve cells shrank throughout waking hours so we
couldn't make contact with other people any more and
became sleepy. Another theory was that some sort of
toxin accumulated during waking hours. In time, this
toxin would affect the nervous system so that it
would slow down. According to the most widely
accepted explanation-the so
called "cerebral-anaemia" theory-sleep was brought
about because the blood supply to the brain
diminished. However, today we know that none of
these theories were valid. For instance, it has been
proven that the blood supply to the brain increases
during sleep. This is accurately the opposite of
"cerebral-anaemia" theory. In fact, this increased
circulation has a restorative value. What are some
disorders of sleep? Somnambulism is very common.
About 40% of university students talk in their
sleep. When they wake up, they don't remember
anything. Another disorder, somnambulism, is
not so common. You may have seen people walking
while they are sleeping. This may result from an
emotional disturbance and the person again doesn't
remember anything when he wakes up. Muscle cramps
sometimes disturb sleep as well. (Of course they may
also occur when one is awake.) Insomnia, or
inability to go to sleep is one of the most common
conditions about which adults should consult a
doctor. Some are temporary; however, others should
need psychological treatment. Sleeping sickness is
another serious disorder. It is usually long-lasting
and may cause death.
13. “accumulated” refers to
a) appeared
b) plunged
c) increased
d) disappeared
e) doubled
14. Which of the following may come out if a person
is emotionally disturbed?
a) Sleeping sickness
b) Somnambulism
c) Muscle cramps
d) Sleep-talking
e) Snoring
15. Which of the following is not a feature of
sleep?
a) Changes in the pulse rate
b) Absence of voluntary motion
c) Increased awareness
d) Snoring
e) Alterations in the body temperature
A phobia is a morbid (i.e. not normal), recurring
fear that appears to be unwarranted by actual
conditions. In the early part of the 20th century,
physicians and psychologists used technical terms
for various fears, or phobias, but the more recent
trend has been to drop the technical jargon and
simply to state what the object of the individual's
fear is. For instance, formerly the style was to
speak of "acrophobia", whereas the same condition is
now called "phobia of high places" and phobia about
crossing water was formerly called by the technical
term "gephyrophobia". One of the few terms that has
survived is "claustrophobia" which is a fear of
small, confined, closed spaces. The individual
suffering from claustrophobia becomes very tense and
anxious whenever he is in a small room or any small,
closed space. He often experiences tightness in the
chest, rapid pulse and sudden weakness in the limbs,
and there is a risk of fainting. The most common
characteristic is that the individual feels this
fear even when he recognizes that it is unwarranted,
that is there is no real cause for alarm. The
individual recognizes that the symptoms arise from
his own feelings and not from factors in his
environment. He is aware that the factors within him
start this fear whenever he is in a small, closed
place, such as a lift. He feels helpless to avoid
the reaction when he is in such a place. His defence
against the symptoms is to avoid small, enclosed
places.
16. “recurring” refers to
a) aggressive
b) hostile
c) restless
d) temporary
e) repeating
17. “jargon” refers to
a) vocabulary
b) frame
c) trend
d) usage
e) situation
18. Which of the following is correct?
a) According to the recent trend, fear of crossing
water
should be called "gephyrophobia".
b) Although the person with claustrophobia
experienced
unwanted physical changes when he is in a small,
closed area, fortunately he or she never loses
consciousness.
c) Certain factors in the environment may make any
person
phobic.
d) A phobic person never accepts the fact that there
is no
real cause for alarm and that his fear is rooted in
his own
feelings.
e) The only defence mechanism seen in phobic people
is
nothing but try to avoid the object of their phobia.
Since 1920 there has developed a branch of general
science perhaps not recognized everywhere; traumatic
surgery. It has greatly been enhanced by the
experiments of two world wars. This type of surgery
relates to the psychic effects of injury. If has
been said that it is the only inescapable type of
pathology we have ever known. It is to this
condition that first aid and much of the present day
emergency surgery is addressed. The general surgeon
is called upon to care for wounds and haemorrhage;
to deal with foreign bodies, such as bullets and
projectiles in the tissues; to treat burns, scalds,
sprains, fractures, and dislocations. If there is a
head injury, it may be complicated by an injury to
the brain requiring craniotomy. If the chest is
injured or ribs broken, the lung may be penetrated.
Severe blows or crushes involving the abdomen or
trunk may produce, besides contusions of the
muscles, ruptured viscera, as the kidney,
intestines, or bladder. There may be internal
bleeding, not at once detected, but manifested some
hours afterward by general symptoms of haemorrhage.
Many injuries are received where bones are broken
but in which the full extent of the damage may not
be apparent until X-ray films are made. This is
mostly true of some fractures of the spine. In all
of these different classes of injury, for checking
bleeding, and for restoration of lacerated tissues
and complicated fractures to something like their
normal continuity, emergency operations may be
required. Many injuries may result in serious loss
of substance, amputation will be in store for some,
and devitalisation of tissue, especially bone, may
cause chronic suppuration which will necessitate
time-consuming and wide reparative and plastic
surgery.
19. Which of the following is correct?
a) If two world wars hadn't been fought; traumatic
surgery
wouldn't have been known.
b) All injuries indicate that there are broken
bones.
c) "Foreign bodies" are the dead bodies of the enemy
soldiers.
d) Unless X-ray films are taken, it is difficult to
tell the
amount of damage.
e) X-ray films are not necessarily to be taken to
detect fractures
of the spine; these can easily be understood by the
surgeon.
20. Traumatic surgery was known.................
a) when World War II began
b) till the end of World War II
c) after 1920
d) when World War I began
e) until the second half of the 20th century
21. Which of the following is not a medical name?
a) pathology
b) projectice
c) crainotomy
d) viscera
e) haemorrhage
Tattooing is a world of Polynesian origin,
anglicized from the Tahitian "tatu", denoting the
practice of making permanent coloured designs or
figures in the skin by means of small punctures or
incisions, which receive various dyes or pigments.
The colouring is mainly dark blue and dull red. A
similar custom, known as cicatrisation or
scar-tattooing, consists in repeatedly cutting the
skin at the same place so that in healing a raised
scar is left. Both varieties of tattooing may be
found among the same people, as in the case of the
natives of the South Sea Islands. Amongst the
Admiralty Islanders, the Fijians, the Gonds and the
Todas of India, the inhabitants of the Liu-Kiu
Islands and other races, colour-tattooing is or was,
confined to the women, and the Latuka of the upper
Nile Valley are an example of a people among whom
scar-tattooing is practiced upon women only.
Colour-tattooing is generally ornamental, but
scar-tattooing is more
frequently used to produce distinguishing tribal
marks. The latter variety is practiced by a number
of African peoples, while the Bangala of the Middle
Congo scar the whole body for ornamental purposes.
Among some peopks there is a connection between
tattooing and marriage. Therefore, in the Solomon
Islands a girl is not eligible for marriage until
she has been subjected to an atrociously cruel
process of tattooing on the face and chest, and the
Australian aborigines inflict fearful scars on the
backs of their young girls before
marriage. The Formosans tattoo the faces of girls
prior to marriage; and among the Papuans of New
Guinea, unmarried girls are tattooed all over,
except on the face, which is adorned in this way at
the time of marriage. Colour-tattooing of an
ornamental kind reached its most artistic
development among the Maoris of New Zealand and the
Japanese, but both these peoples, like several
others, have largely abandoned the practice. With
the Malays, tattooing appears to have been a reward
of the successful head-hunter. Sailors and some
other groups in Western countries do some tattooing,
mainly in one colour, making figures, such as stars
and flags, on their hands, arms, and chests.
22. Which of the following is CORRECT?
a) Tattooing can also be used to heal cuts in the
skin.
b) In some tribes tattooing is restricted to the
women
only.
c) In general, scar-tattooing is commonly used to
look more
attractive.
d) In the west tattooing is restricted to sailors
alone.
e) Tattoos do not last lifelong no matter how
skilfully they
are made; in other words, colours start to fade
after a few
years.
23. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a) A raised scar in the skin often indicates the
tribe the
person is a member of.
b) Scar - tattooing is very decorative with the red
colour
of the blood that flows as a result of cutting the
skin.
c) When the cut in the skin heals, these appears a
scar
shaped like a groove.
d) Tattoos have to be remade at certain intervals.
e) Light colours are preferred to dark ones in
tattooing.
24. Which piece of information is not included in
the passage?
a) Types of designs used in tattooing
b) Types of dyes used in tattooing
c) Main colours favoured in tattooing
d) The connection between marital status and
tattooing
e) Which language the word "tattooing" comes from
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