TEST – 25
The submarine crew for the mission had been
carefully chosen. Research studies showed that
staying in confining cells for an extended period of
time was a severe hazard to human emotions.
Claustrophobia, boredom and tensions which arise
from working with other men in small areas, for
months at a time, were constant problems. Learning
from the observations of prison psychologists.
Soviet naval training instructors counselled every
submariner in particular to avoid close personal
relationships with other submariners. Instead, they
were supposed to follow survival instincts and do
what was known among convicts as serving 'soft' time
– developing just superficial friendships so as to
maintain control of their emotions at all times.
1.The major idea of the passage is...............
a) no matter how long you stay with the same group
of people in an enclosed place, there won’t be any
problems.
b) boredom is not a problem that may cause conflict
among people who stay in a closed area for a long
time.
c) the reason why the crew was carefully selected
was not that any group of carelessly chosen men
would cause a problem.
d) building intimate personal relationships with
people that you stay with in an enclosed area for a
long time has serious damage to human emotions. -
e) it is inadvisable that any group chosen for a
mission ought to develop only superficial relations.
2. It is stated in the passage
that.....................
a) no scientific findings were used in the choice of
the submariners for the mission.
b) according to the psychologists that the Russians
turned to, all the crew chosen should establish
close friendships with each other for unity.
c) the careful selection of the submariners for the
special mission was done considering psychological
findings about those living in small areas for a
long time.
d) the mission was so significant that specialised
powerful mart were selected regardless of their
personalities.
e) equally dangerous was the preference of quickly
annoyed men for the mission to be conducted on the
island.
3. The Soviet naval instructors gave each crewman a
careful counselling since .....................
a) each of them was expected to have incurable
ailments during the mission.
b) no friendship was to be allowed in the submarine.
c) they were going to get involved in a hazardous
mission.
d) they needed to know what equipment they would
have to get with them.
e) they were supposed to refrain from emotional
intimacy for the success of the
mission.
The United States is not only considered as a main
world power, but also as a superpower in every
respect, responsible for the liberty and security of
most of the world. This responsibility is tied to a
host of bilateral and multilateral treaties and
defence connections which stretch all over the
world. Millions of people and many nations look to
the power and leadership of this country for their
security. This military strength which so many have
come to depend on consists of forces equipped with
the most advanced weaponry systems available and
manned by over four million men and women in the
active and reserve forces. Great amounts of the
sources of the country are committed to the military
forces even though it is opposed by antiwar groups.
4. The author is of the opinion that.......
a) as a superpower the U.S. can not be challenged
militarily by any other nation
b) all of the nations in the world are dependent
upon the military assistance of the U.S. in case of
their sovereignty being endangered.
c) the JJ.S. military is regarded as responsible for
maintaining not only the freedom and security of the
U.S. but also those of many other nations with which
it has defence agreements.
d) what makes the U.S.A. a superpower is that its
army is equipped with a very sophisticated weapons
system.
e) simply by the allocation of most of the budget to
the military is such a power able to remain
deterrent.
5. All the following statements are true apart from
that
a) regarded as a superpower in every respect the
U.S., under some multilateral treaties, takes up the
responsibility for ensuring the security and freedom
of several nations.
b) military connections of the U.S expand everywhere
in the world.
c) compared with those of other nations, the weapons
systems of the U.S are the most sophisticated.
d) almost four million men and women soldiers can be
mobilised in case of a war the U.S. might wage
against any country.
e) groups in favour of peace are against so many
national sources being allocated to the military.
6. Multilateral treaties are.....................
a) those between two sides
b) those regarding three sides
c) those regarding defence
d) those regarding more than two groups or nations
e) defence treaties between two tribal communities
Researches on the casualties which result from
earthquakes indicate that the majority of deaths are
caused by collapsing pillars, walls bridges or other
constructions. Despite the existence of technology
necessary to design quake-resistant buildings, there
are no laws to force builders to use it. For
instance some buildings must be constructed with
special consideration. In such disasters fire
stations, hospitals, and police stations are
expected to remain undamaged even if many other
buildings collapse not only because there are many
people in them but also for the simple reason that
anyone hurt in any building is to be helped by those
working in them. In an earthquake in Erzurum in 1992
there would have been more survivors if those
injured had not had to be carried a long distance
for medical assistance. In another quake occurring
in San Francisco in 1906 most of the damage was
caused owing to the fires. Further examples can be
given that point out the significance of earthquake
preparedness.
7. The biggest problem which causes most deaths and
casualties during earthquakes is -
a) most buildings are not endurable enough to
survive even the weakest quakes
b) technological shortcomings to construct
quake-resistant buildings
c) earthquakes occur naturally regardless of how
buildings are built
d) the small number of hospitals and police stations
e) failure in safe transport of the injured
8. In spite of the existence of technology to design
endurable buildings to survive quakes
intact,...................
a) bridges and other constructions easily collapse
b) hospitals and police stations are given priority
c) there is no legal force requiring builders to do
so
d) the law forces builders to lessen their
expenditure for materials
e) builders violate the concerned laws in order not
to utilise this technology.
9. Hospital and police stations...............
a) are mentioned as examples to buildings to be
constructed with highly technical specifications
b) must be built irrespective of whether or not
people need them
c) generally remain unharmed irrespective of the
strength of hurricanes
d) are places where builders responsible for the
collapsed buildings are detained
e) carry the injured to long distances
Authentic people recognise the direction in which
their lives are meant to go. When Alberto Dominic,
the great missionary doctor, was a boy, a friend
proposed that they go into the hills and kill birds.
Alberto was reluctant, but afraid of being laughed
at, he went along. They arrived at a tree in which a
flock of birds was singing; the boys put stones in
their catapults. Then the church bell began to ring,
mingling music with the birdsong. For Alberto, it
was a voice from heaven. He shooed the birds away
and went home, disregarding what his friends thought
about him. From that day on, reverence for life was
more important to him than the fear of being laughed
at. His priorities were clear.
10. Alberto accepted his friend's suggestion of
going into the hills,.....................
a) since he felt anxious to enjoy the scenery ,
b) though he was unwilling to do what he suggested
doing
c) because he was an authentic person knowing where
to go
d) because he couldn't turn down his proposition
e) even though the boys poked fun at him
11. The music from the church bell, mingled with the
birdsong,.....................
a) discouraged Alberto's friends from shooting their
catapults as it was a holy warning against killing
birds
b) spooked some of the birds, finally causing them
to fly away
c) shooed the whole flock of birds away
d) was as impressive as to inspire Alberto to
prevent his friends from killing the birds
e) caused Alberto to wait there a little more to
listen to this holy music
12. This story emphasizes.....................
a) people slaughtering animals won't go to the
heaven after death
b) those who eke out a living by hunting birds have
no reverence for life indeed
c) an authentic person should do what they should
regardless of what others may think or even if they
ridicule them
d) one should disregard what their friends think
while deciding on something
e) if your priorities are clear, do what you like,
but be careful not to be ridiculed
Although writing a research paper is a difficult
assignment, many students make it more difficult
than it need be because of inefficient working
habits. Very often they postpone work on the paper
until it is too late to do a respectable job of it.
Often they invite avoidable difficulty by failure to
find out at the beginning of their study whether
sufficient material .is available in the library.
Instead of developing a general notion of the topic
before tackling it in detail, they begin with the
first convenient book and plunge into fine points
before they see the topic as a whole. They take more
notes than are necessary because they begin to take
notes before they have decided what kind of
information they need, and because they do not pick
out the tactual information in a paragraph but quote
the paragraph in its entirety.
13. Researchers' untimely engagement in fine details
of their topic.....................
a) blocks their proper view of the subject as a
whole and leads to redundant notes
b) leads to their accidental discovery of relevant
information
c) is indicative of how competent they are in
writing
d) inhibit them from using relevant books
efficiently
e) shows they don't know to quote factual
information
14. What renders writing a research paper more
difficult is....................
a) the nature of the writing activity itself
b) that many students overuse the library instead of
making best use of their scanty information on the
topic
c) students' disorganised way of approaching their
topic, and their inability to find relevant
materials
d) the researcher's inability to narrow his topic
and to take irrelevant notes
e) that scholars refer to a-single comprehensive
book from which they tend to write the whole essay
15. .........is among inefficient students' working
habits.
a) That some scholars don't respect their work on
compositions
b) Delaying work on the given writing assignment
until too late a time
c) Conducting a library research to see if enough
information is available
d) Finding convenient books to make conclusions and
quotations
e) When students quote an entire paragraph instead
of getting the relevant parts
While I jacked the fore end of the car up, and
cleared away the snow from under it, Daniel built a
fire about a foot in front of the radiator to keep
the car and us from freezing to death and to furnish
light for the operation. The wheel correction was
surprisingly easy; we were ready to leave again in a
few minutes. Then we discovered that it would be
more difficult to get out of the lane than it had
been to get in. Because of the density of the timber
there was no way of turning around without serious
risk of getting stuck, and the whirling snow made
the visibility poor everywhere except directly
within the beams of the head lights. Daniel
therefore very carefully directed my backing; yet in
spite of this I bumped several small pines which
retaliated by dumping their burden of snow on top of
the car. The Plymouth was little more than a snow
drift on wheels by the time we reached the highway.
16. The author's friend made a fire just in front of
the car not only to prevent the car and them from
freezing.....................
a) for the snow on the country lane to thaw away
b) so that they could see further ahead of their car
for an easier drive
c) but also to impede the wheel correction work
d) and also to heat the radiator
e) but also to provide light for the fixing
operation on the car
17. ..................., it proved harder to drive
out of the lane than it had been to drive in.
a) Because it wasn't snowing heavily when they drove
in the lane
b) Because a lot of trees fell down during the snowy
weather
c) Due to the dense woods and the field of vision
obstructed by the snow
d) Owing to the bigger risk of getting stuck in the
mud
e) As Daniel gave bad instructions while the writer
was baking the car out of the lane
18. The snow-laden trees that the writer
hit....................
a) had left the auto in ruins by the time they
reached the highway
b) were so small that they did not cause much damage
to the Plymouth
c) show how inexperienced a driver the writer was
d) turned the car into a pile of moving snow
e) has indicated that the forest was impenetrably
dense
It is assumed that each spot on the skin has a
specialised sensory ending which produces sensations
of cold, heat, pain, or touch. An examination of a
bit of skin under a high-powered microscope
indicates that the matter is not so simple. The deep
layers of the skin contain a large number of sensory
fibres of various dimension. Each fibre branches
like a tree, and its branches interweave with the
branches of many neighbouring fibres. At the end of
each branch is a sensory receptor characteristic of
that particular fibre. These receptors range in
complexity from highly organised structures of
considerable size to "bare"; undifferentiated
fibrils with no more than a tiny knob at the tip.
The intermingling of the fibre branches and the
great number of different endings at any one skin
spot suggest how difficult it would be to stimulate
one ending or one fibre selectively. An ordinary
stimulus, whether a pinprick, a light touch or
pressure, invariably activates a large number of
different sensory fibres. The evidence is
inescapable that the sensations we describe as
"touch" and "pain" must be derived from the
concurrent activation of many different sensory
fibres of various sizes and distribution.
19. An examination of a tiny spot of the skin with a
microscope of strong magnifying power
shows....................
a) each spot on the skin has a differentiated
sensory ending that produces feelings of cold, heat
etc...
b) sensory activities are more complicated than can
be explained as the stimulation of certain sensory
endings
c) the branches of each fibre intermingle with each
other and look like a knob at the end
d) clearly when dermatological experiments should be
conducted on the problematic spots ,
e) there are not varied fibres but fibre branches
separate from one another which produce sensations
20. It is almost impossible to stimulate a single
fibre separately.....................
a) because fibre branches interweave with others
from those nearby and many coexist at any given skin
spot
b) due to the tiny size of fibres, particularly
fibrils
c) because the end of each branch nearest to the
epidermis consists of a numb knob
d) although the sensory characteristic of each fibre
branch is known
e) if anything bigger than a needle is applied to
the outer skin
21. It is understood from the passage
that..................
a) when one feels pain, only the sensory receptor of
a single fibre is stimulated and the body responds
accordingly
b) if the weather is cold, all the unclothed skin
stimulates all the fibres under it
c) though fibre branches with various sensory
functions are intermingled and exist in big numbers,
the sensory receptor at each one's end
differentiates sensations like heat or cold
d)a light torch or pressure may at times stimulate
more fibrils than a cut
e)the recent assumptions concerning stimulation of
the skin have been refuted by the researchers
The impact of alcohol on the nation's health and
welfare is almost incalculable. According to the
latest figures, alcohol causes or is associated with
200,000 deaths every year. These include deaths from
alcohol-related diseases (such as cirrhosis of the
liver, cancers of the mouth and larynx, chronic
brain injury), traumatic events (including
automobile crashes), and thousands of other
injuries. Many of these deaths and injuries occur
among the young. Alcohol-impaired driving is the
leading cause of death and injury among those under
25 years of age (in 1984 an average of 9 teenagers
were killed and more than 400 injured each day in
alcohol-related car crashes). Alcohol contributes to
falls in the home, house fires, and drowning. People
who drink habitually are more likely to smoke and
hence to doze off and start fires with
unextinguished cigarettes. Half of the pedestrians
killed on the streets are under the influence. Nor
are the highways and the home the only places where
trouble occurs. Lost work time due to drinking on
the job and/or recovering from hangovers costs an
estimated $7.9 million annually.
22. The country is badly influenced by
alcohol..................
a) as it has been proved alcohol causes many fatal
diseases
b) if drunk-driving is tolerated more than now
c) because traumatic proceedings kill many people
every year
d) so the government is right in their efforts to
curb alcoholism
e) because of the heavy death toll resulting from
the harmful effect of the substance on the
individual and others
23. Drunk-driving is the most responsible for the
huge number of deaths and injuries,
a) because traumatic events are as ordinary as
terminal diseases
b) because alcoholic drivers are inclined to get
irritated with drunk pedestrians and hit them to
death
c) which explains why sleepers on the wheel cause
more accidents than others
d) which usually occur among the young as they are
more prone to drink and drive recklessly
e) as those who are involved in automobile crashes
are decrepit people
24.Economic damage of alcoholism is
enhanced.....................
a) when the drunkard sleeps with his cigarette not
put out and goes to work drunk
b) if any crash they cause involves pedestrians
besides car drivers
c) so much that 9 teenagers perish and over 300
hundred are injured every day
d) due to the expensive treatment of alcohol-related
diseases
e) because the highways host most drunkards
dismissed from their jobs
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