TEST – 17
Many researchers have commented on what seems to be
the fact that fear plays a much smaller part than we
should think it must in the life of an animal which
lives dangerously. Terror he can know, and perhaps
he knows it frequently. But it seems to last only a
little longer than the immediate danger it helps him
to avoid, instead of lingering, as in the human
being it does, until it becomes a burden and a
threat. The frightened bird resumes his song as soon
as danger has passed and so does the frightened
rabbit his games. It is almost as if they knew that
"cowards die many times before their deaths; the
valiant never taste of death but once.
1. The passage is concerned with ............. .
a) a comparison of animals and men
b) a comparison of fear and terror
c) animal traits
d) fear in animals
e) the nature of courage
2. The writer thinks that............. .
a) fear is a permanent form of terror
b) fear has a permanent effect on animals
c) fear is almost unknown by animals
d) some animals live less dangerously than men
e) animals remember fear only a short time
3. Cowards die many times before their deaths"
implies ............. .
a) the coward is always seriously ill
b) many times the coward is almost caught is his
misdeeds
c) the coward's frequent fears are often as bad as
death
d) cowards many times wish they were dead
e) the coward has a lot of lives
Solitude is a great chastener after you accept it.
It quietly eliminates all kinds of traits that were
a part of you - among others the desire to pos., to
keep your best food forever in evidence, to impress
people as being something you would like to have
them think you are even when you aren't. Some men I
know are able to pose even in solitude; had they
male servants they no doubt would be heroes to them.
However, I find it the hardest sort of work myself,
and as I am lazy I have stopped trying. To act
without an audience is so tiresome and profitless
that you gradually give it up and at last forget how
to act at all. For you become more interested in
making the acquaintance of yourself as you really
are, which is a meeting that, in the haunts of men,
rarely takes place. It is gratifying, for instance,
to discover that you prefer to be clean rather than
dirty even when there is no one but God to care; it
is just as amusing to note, however, that for
scrupulous cleanliness you are not inclined to make
superhuman sacrifices, even though you used to
believe you were. Clothes, you learn, with something
of a shock, have for you no interest whatsoever....
You learn to regard a dress merely as a covering a
precaution. For its colour and its cut you care
nothing.
4. The passage is concerned with ..............
a) acting without an audience
b) carelessness in clothes
c) discoveries through solitude
d) being a hero to yourself
e) showing off to best advantage
5. A desire to show at your best is a trait
that.............
a) goes with laziness
b) may disappear when you are alone
c) depends mainly on clothes
d) is inborn
e) is challenging for women
6. In solitude, clothes ............. .
a) make one careless
b) constitute one item that pleases their owner
c) are part of acting
d) are valued for their utility alone
e) are tiresome
Geometry is a very old science. We are told by
Herodotus, a Greek historian, that geometry had its-
origin in Egypt along the banks of the river Nile.
The first record we have of its study is found in a
manuscript written by Mimes, an Egyptian scholar,
about 1550 B.C. This manuscript is believed to be a
copy of a treatise which dated back probably, more
than a thousand years, and describes the use of
geometry at that time in a very crude form of
surveying or measurement. In fact, geometry, which
means "earth measurement," received its name in this
manner. This re-measuring of the land was necessary
because of the annual overflow of the river Nile and
the consequent destroying of the boundaries of farm
lands. This early geometry was very largely a list
of rules or formulas for finding the areas of plane
figures. Many of these rules were inaccurate, but in
the main, they were fairly satisfactory.
7. The passage is concerned with ............. .
a) floods of the river Nile
b) beginnings of geometry
c) surveying in Egypt
d) manuscript of mimes
e) significance of geometry today
8. In developing geometry the early Egyptians were
primarily dealt with ..............
a) discovering how formulas used in measuring were
accurate
b) determining property boundaries
c) constructing a logical system of geometry
d) measuring the overflow of the Nile
e) establishing formulas
9. One of the most important factors in the
development of geometry as science was .............
.
a) the inaccuracy of the early rules and
calculations
b) Mimes' agreement
c) annual flooding of the Nile Valley
d) destruction of farm crops
e) an ancient manuscript copied by Egyptians
Computers have led to a greater change in our
society in recent decades than any other force and
are likely to continue to do so until the next
century. The industry surrounding computers is
growing quickly, providing employment for many but
meanwhile making others redundant. Jobs that
computers can do much more reliably, faster and
cheaper are lost. The redeployment of labour and the
prospect of increased leisure are causing social
upheavals which require new ideas and significant
changes of attitude. .
10. It is emphasized in the passage that the
introduction, of i computers into daily life
............. .
a) has definitely solved the problem of unemployment
b) has had no effect on the traditional habits of
society
c) can be regarded as the greatest technical
achievement of the age
d) has led to an improvement in working conditions
e) has brought a lot of benefits but has also
created some serious problems
11. In accordance with the passage, the impact
computers have had on society.............
a) will certainly continue to increase right through
the next century
b) has been unnecessarily exaggerated in recent
years
c) has generally been confined to industrial life
d) has exceeded that of any other technological
development in recent times
e) is very much less than it has been on industry
12. As it is emphasized in the passage, the
widespread use of computers in industry.............
.
a) has made considerable changes in the working
system inevitable
b) has unfortunately increased production costs
c) has reduced the working hours but not the work
load
d) will, in the next century, lead to even more
disillusionment
e) has given rise to many new solutions to the
problems of unemployment
The achievement of equality between men and women
implies that they should have equal rights,
opportunities and responsibilities to enable them to
improve their skills and abilities for their own
personal fulfilment and the benefit of society. To
that end a reassessment of the functions and roles
traditionally allotted to each sex within the family
and the community at large is essential Governments
should ensure both women and men equality before
law, the provision of facilities for equality of
educational opportunities and training equality in
conditions of employment, including remuneration and
adequate social security.
13. The passage points out that the question of
equality between men and women ............. .
a) has seldom been treated seriously by the
government
b) includes not only equality before the law, but
also equality in
opportunities and exercise of rights
c) is mainly related to economic affairs
d) was never extended to include the field of
politics
e) has been greatly exaggerated in recent decades
14. As it is emphasized in the passage, the equality
of the sexes essentially means for everyone
..............
a) a wide range of benefits including job security
and a> steady income
b) a full development, of individual talents and
capabilities
c) the definition of the functions and roles each
gender has in society
d) an overestimation in family responsibilities
e) a simple life style and fewer responsibilities
15. It is made obvious in the passage that the
maintenance of equality between men and women in
society ............. .
a) has been supplied in most Western societies
b) is primarily the responsibility of governments
c) is of little concern to governments
d) is never likely to be realized
e) has first to be achieved within a particular
family.
In the mid-1970s, after 30 years of quick growth and
unprecedented prosperity for the major Western
economies, the prospects for continued growth became
much less favourable. This resulted partly from the
acceleration of inflation in many countries,
bringing with it insecurity and militancy in
industrial relations. However, the primary cause was
the remarkable increase in the price of oil in 1974
and again in 1980, a fuel on which the Western
economies had become heavily dependent. This
produced a strong burst of inflation; and, because
much of the oil revenue accruing to producers could
not be spent, caused an unprecedented balance of
payments problem and severe world recession.
16. One can conclude from the passage that, in the
three decades prior to the mid-nineteen seventies
............. .
a) industrial relations in the West had deteriorated
to a marked extent
b) most Western economies entered a -phase of
insecurity and industrial decline
c) inflation in industrialized countries had reached
an unprecedented level
d) the economic position had met with numerous
setbacks
e) the West experienced a period of unparalleled
economic boom
17. It is emphasized in the passage that rising oil
prices in 1974 and 1980 ..............
a) opened the way to ruin of many Western economies
b) had actually very little impact on world
economies
c) provided the West with the opportunity of
developing alternative fuels
d) was a direct result of the growing inflation in
the West
e) helped to prevent the rise the militancy in
industrial relations
18. It is shown in the passage that the economic
recession in the mid-1970 was largely due to the
fact that............. .
a) most Western countries ignored their balance of
payments policies
b) there was a high rate of unemployment in the West
c) Western economies failed to maintain good
industrial relations
d) much of the profit made by oil producers was
channelled back into world economies
e) Western economies were increasingly dependent
upon oil imports
Tavi Fabrics is a Portuguese textile and clothing
firm which, until recently, employed about 300
workers and had a turnover of 6 million pounds. Now,
however, Tavi is facing serious problems. In the
last two years its fabric sales have remained
steady, but profits have declined sharply. This is
because Pakistani and Italian suppliers have been
forcing prices down. In the ready-to-wear market,
the condition is much worse. Competition is
cut-throat. Exporters from 24 low-cost countries are
fighting for a share in the European market. Tavi is
suffering from this competition. The stores are now
bargaining hard over prices, and Tavi has already
lost two important orders.
19. The passage shows the case of a textile firm
which, ............. .
a) in recent years, has recovered its lost markets
by introducing drastic measures
b) on the whole, has been showing a steady
improvement in its position
c) owing to fierce international competition, is
having 10 struggle to survive
d) quite unfairly, has laid off more than half of
its work force
e) in the long run, seems likely to defeat its main
competitors
20. We can conclude from the passage that the area
which has been hit worst by international
competition ............. .
a) is that of fabric sales in which Tavi has made
great profits
b) has been textile industries of India and Pakistan
c) is the home market itself in which Tavi wed to be
in the lead
d) is the clothing industry in Portugal
e) has been ready-to-wear market
21. One can understand from the passage that Tavi's
problems
a) are due do the unrest among the workers
b) arise from the growing market pressure of
low-cost countries
c) are linked with the lack of interest in the
European market
d) must be related to the continuous rise in prices
in textile
e) began with the loss of two large orders
In 1945 Japanese reign in Korea came to an end when
the Russians occupied the northern part of the
country and the Americans the south. It was planned
that the country should be reunified after free
elections, but in practice rival governments were
set up. The Korean War broke out in 1950 when
Communist North Korea under Kim IL-sung, invaded the
South with Chinese support in an attempt to unify
the country by force. South Korea was supported by a
United Nations Force in what was really an American
containment operation. In 1953 an armistice was
signed and the demarcation line between North and
South Korea was agreed.
22. In accordance with the passage, it was the
invasion of South Korea by the Communist North
that............
a) caused the outbreak of the Korean War
b) received the support of a United Nations Force
c) the Japanese had tried hard to prevent
d) made the signing of the armistice vital
e) induced the Chinese to abide by the decision of
the United Nations
23. It is clear in the passage that the withdrawal
of Japan from Korea in 1945 ............. .
a) lead to a period of greater economic prosperity
b) was the result of pressure from the United
Nations
c) gave Kim IL-sung the chance to co - operate with
the United States
d) was concluded after the signing of an armistice
between the United States and Russia
e) was brought about, in part, by the Russians
24. As it is shown in the passage, the reunification
of Korea after the Japanese withdrawal.............
.
a) was the last thing America and Russia desired
b) was forestalled because of the drawing of the
demarcation line between the North Korea and the
South
c) did not take place because the North and the
South set up their own separate governments
d) was to be followed by the holding of free
elections and the establishment of a pro-American
government
e) would have been achieved by Kim IL-sung but for
the intervention of China
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