SORU
Nigeria is heavily dependent on the export of crude
oil to finance industrial development. 95% of
Nigeria's exports by value are crude oil. At current
production rates, known reserves are only sufficient
until the end of the century. Industrialization was
boosted after 1973 following the fourfold increase,
in oil prices. In the early 1980s prices fell, and
Nigeria lost important income. Oil production peaked
in 1974 when output reached 112 million tones.
Q. It is emphasized in the passage that the sharp
rise in oil prices in 1973 ........ .
a. had less effect on Nigeria's economy than might
have been expected
b. contributed greatly to industrial development in
Nigeria
c. coincided with a considerable fall in oil
production
d. provided Nigeria with a high revenue well into
the late 1980s
e. put a great deal of pressure on Nigeria's oil
reserves
<B
Q It is clearly understood from the given passage
that only a fraction of Nigeria's exports .........
.
a. are goods other than crude oil
b. would be needed to support industrial development
c. were affected by the fail in oil prices in the
1980s
d. were oil-related
e. have benefited from price increases
<A
Q.. The passage says that ,as long as the current
rate of oil production is maintained ............. .
a. world oil prices are not expected to rise
significantly
b. Nigeria's industrial development plans will soon
be fully realized
c. Nigeria is likely to have no oil reserves left by
the year 2000
d. Nigeria will continue to enjoy large revenues
e. the variety of goods exported from Nigeria will
increase
<C
SORU
Real depression cannot be as easily overcome as some
people often suppose. It generally passes with
time-but the time can seem endless. Activities
giving companionship and a new interest can help.
However for the sufferer to talk, again and again,
about the causes of the depression helps most.
People with depression need to be listened to and
encouraged to find their own solutions, not made to
feel yet more inadequate by good advice. They might
need professional counseling as well as the support
of family and friends.
Q. According to the passage;in overcoming depression
the support of friends and family ........... .
a. can best be directed into giving good advice
b. is the only solution
c. may cause more harm than good
d. never contributes to any improvement in the
patient
e. is not always sufficient
<E
Q. The author suggests that people with depression
............. .
a. should not be allowed much social activity
b. should rely solely on professional counseling
c. need, more than anything else, someone to listen
to them
d. ought to remain alienated from society for a long
time
e. receive an unnecessary amount of sympathy
<C
Q. It is understood from the passage some people
.............. .
a. seem to underestimate how difficult it is to get
over depression
b. suffer from depression over long periods of time
c. refuse to get professional counseling
d. suffering from depression have been cured through
the good advice of friends
e. with depression don't want to talk about their
problems
<A
SORU
Several art museums and galleries and many
individuals in the art world faced financial
problems in 1975 as the effects of world recession
deepened. On the surface things seemed to continue
as before, with important exhibitions in major
museums attracting large crowds. But smaller
galleries, and the artists whose work was shown by
their resourceful proprietors, fared less well, and
over the long term it is the work of young artists
that determines the course of art for the future.
Q.According to the passage;the point made in the
passage is that the recession in the 1970s
............. .
a. forced many young artists to give up their
profession
b. led to the immediate closure of several major
museums in the West
c. was one of the most serious in economic history
d. didn't at first appear to hit hard at the art
world
e. meant exhibitions were regarded as unnecessary
luxuries
<D
Q One can understand from the given passage that if
a generation of young artist is lost ........... .
a. this would not have a damaging effect on art
museums and galleries even in the long run
b. the future development of art will be greatly
hampered
c. recession in the art market would not last very
long
d. smaller galleries would benefit from it
e. the organizing of exhibitions would be even more
costly
<B
Q. The passage gives the idea that, the people in
the art world who were most strongly affected by the
recession .............. .
a. were young artists and the owners of small
galleries
b. tried to balance their losses by buying up the
work of young artist
c. were the well established art dealers
d. decided to stop holding exhibitions altogether
e. resorted to all sorts of methods of attracting
large crowds to their galleries
<A
SORU
Computers should never have acquired the exalted
status they now have. Fascinating and invaluable as
they are, even the most advanced have less brain
power than a three-year-old. But,they do, score on
single-mindedness. The three-year-old uses his brain
not only to think but also to do tasks like seeing,
hearing and running about, which need incredibly
rapid and sophisticated electromechanical
interactions we too run on electricity. However the
computer just sits there and sends spacecraft to the
moon or re-organizes the world banking system-which
is very much easier. That's why man's dream of robot
servants is still a long way off.
Q. The basic point made by the given passage is that
the human brain ......... .
a. is much inferior to any known computer
b. is infinitely more complex and powerful than any
computer
c. reaches its maximum efficiency at the age of
three
d. is not as complicated and mysterious as has
usually been thought
e. has been entirely reproduced in computer form
<B
Q. It is mentioned in the passage that the
efficiency of the computer ............ .
a. will soon make it possible for man to be served
by robots
b. depends on the speed with which the data are fed
c. can best be appreciated in the decision making
positions
d. is the result of its being concentrated on one
task at a time
e. depends upon sophisticated electromechanical
interactions
<D
Q. The writer feels that computers .............. .
a. are becoming unaffordable as they get more
advanced
b. have contributed immensely to the improvement of
living standards
c. have been unnecessarily overrated
d. will be a major force behind all future progress
e. are capable of doing all the tasks the human
brain performs even more efficiently
<D
SORU
The dramatic growth of the world's population in the
twentieth century has been on a scale without
parallel in human history. Most of that growth has
occurred since 1950 and is known as the population
''explosion''. Between 1950 and 1980 the world
population increases from 2.5 to over 4 billion, and
by the end of the century that figure will have
risen to at least 6 billion. Growth of this size
cannot continue indefinitely. Recent forecasts
suggest that the total population will level-out at
between 10 and 15 billion in the mid twenty-first
century. Already there are encouraging signs that
the rate of increase in several less developed
countries is beginning to slow down.
Q. According to the given passage above , at no
period in human history has there been ........ .
a. so much consensus among nations concerning the
population of the world
b. a sharp decline in population like the one since
1980
c. a universal fear about the future of man
d. as comprehensive a study of population problems
as the one envisaged now
e. a population explosion of the magnitude of the
one in this century
<E
Q It is emphasized in the passage that the increase
in the world population ...... .
a. is a highly encouraging sign for the general
economy
b. is expected to continue even faster until 2050
c. will not continue into the next century
d. has been going on noticeably since 1950
e. has been much faster in the industrialized
countries
<D
Q. The passage says that;it has been forecast that,
by the middle of the next century ......... .
a. various measures will have been taken to
encourage population growth
b. the population growth rate in less developed
countries will be much higher than that in previous
years
c. the world population will be stabilized at around
10 to 15 billion
d. the rate of increase will still be rising
e. the rate of population increase will have doubled
the 1950 rate
<C
SORU
Many substances, whether man-made or natural, can
cause harm to man or the environment. Some of these
reach the environment in waste streams;but emission
limits and environmental quality standards can, in
some instances, reduce the amounts released. However
some other substances cannot be controlled in this
way because they are released, not in industrial
waste streams, however through the use or disposal
of products which contain them. In many cases these
substances pose little or no threat if the product
containing them is used and disposed of properly.
The right way to deal with them is generally through
controls over their supply, use and disposal.
Q.. The passage gives the idea that, the threat of
certain substances to the environment ............
a. is far less than that to man
b. could be reduced by enforcing emission limits and
environmental controls
c. has been unnecessarily overemphasized
d. has to date been completely ignored
e. can be eliminated by the use of industrial waste
streams
<B
Q The writer emphasizes that the danger posed to man
by many substances ...... .
a. is unrelated to environmental pollution
b. is even greater than generally admitted
c. continues to grow despite constant control of
disposal systems
d. is solely due to the use of industrial waste
streams
e. arises from their misuse and wrong disposal
<E
Q.. The passage above is related to the question of
............. .
a. how the harmful effects of certain substance can
be brought under control
b. why industrial waste streams have caused so much
pollution
c. whether man-made substances or natural ones cause
more pollution
d. what measures are to be taken against the supply
of dangerous substances
e. who is responsible for taking the required
measures
<A
SORU
No one knows when fiction began. Perhaps the first
story-teller was a prehistoric mother trying to
explain the world to her children. Or perhaps it was
a hunter telling about his adventures around the
camp fire. Who can tell? What we do know, though, is
that story-telling was a purely oral activity until
around 800 BC. Myths and tales were passed down by
word of mouth and had to be memorized by each new
generation of story-tellers. That oral tradition
only changed when ancient people started to keep
written records of certain stories. The earliest
surviving examples of those are the epics of Homer,
a blind professional story-teller, who lived in the
eighth century BC.
Q. It is pointed out in the passage that
story-telling .............
a. was first introduced by Homer in ancient times
b. possibly began in prehistoric times
c. began as a written activity in antiquity
d. became less and less popular during the 8th
century BC
e. became far more popular with the invention of
writing
<B
Q. The passage says that the Homeric epics
.............
a. were among the first stories to be written down
b. consisted mainly of myths and other tales
c. are the first examples of prehistoric tales and
myths
d. were not the best of their kind in the 8th
century BC
e. have often been imitated successfully in later
centuries
<A
Q. The passage gives the idea that, throughout the
oral tradition, professional story-telling
.............
a. were much respected in primitive societies
b. depended on Homer for their stories
c. were skilful at creating new stories
d. collected the first stories going back to
prehistoric times
e. used to learn myths and tales by heart
<E
SORU
The printing press was invented by Gutenberg in the
city of Mainz, in Germany. He built and operated the
printing press with movable metal letters. In fact,
simple printing methods had existed for centuries,
however they had to be done by hand and took a long
time. What made Gutenberg's press so different was
that the individual letters themselves could rapidly
and easily be moved to create different pages. That
made it possible to print entire books more cheaply
and more quickly than ever before.
Q. It is emphasized in the passage that the basic
new feature of Gutenberg's printing press
.............
a. was that all the pages of a book were printed at
the same time
b. was that it could easily be operated by unskilled
workmen
c. was that the printing of books was less costly
although it took a long time to do
d. was the use of metal letters that could be moved
into different positions
e. made it possible to print books without any error
at all
<D
Q. It is understood from the passage that actually,
the history of printing .............
a. first begins with Gutenberg's invention
b. has always been associated with Germany
c. can be traced back well before the time of
Gutenberg
d. runs parallel to the history of books
e. gives less importance to Gutenberg's invention
than it deserves
<C
Q. It is obvious from the passage that the printing
techniques introduced by Gutenberg .............
a. made printing more complicated and time-consuming
b. was not as important as it has often been thought
c. was not used outside Germany for a long time
d. speeded up the printing of books
e. adopted the metal letters system of easier
printing methods
<D
SORU
In several countries in the process of
industrialization, overcrowded cities present a
major problem. The overpopulation of towns is mainly
caused by the drift of large numbers of people from
the rural areas. The only long-term solution is to
make life in the rural areas more attractive, which
would encourage people to stay there. This could be
achieved by providing incentives for people to go
and work in the villages. Moreover, facilities in
the rural areas, such as transportation, health and
education services should be improved.
Q. The passage says that , one significant outcome
of industrialization has been .............
a. a massive migration from the countryside to
cities
b. a general improvement in the quality of urban
life
c. the decline of health services in cities
d. the emergence of new cities throughout the
country
e. an overall increase in the population of the
country
<A
Q. The author emphasizes that one way in which rural
life might be made from attractive .............
a. has already been tried; namely improved education
services
b. would be to set up better medical facilities
c. has been suggested by those migrating to the
towns
d. has been regarded by some as a threat to the
progress of industrialization
e. is likely to prove unpopular among city-dwellers
<B
Q. The writer suggests that, so as to solve the
problem of overcrowding in cities, .............
a. health and education services in the cities have
to be modernized
b. transport facilities have to be renewed
completely
c. measures should be taken to make the city
environment more attractive
d. the number of those migrating to the cities
should be restricted
e. living conditions in the countryside need to be
made better and more agreeable
<E
SORU
From the beginning of human history every society
has had some way of preparing young people for adult
life. Many communities have regarded education as
training for work. In many traditional societies
children still help the older members of the family
in their work and so grow up to do the same jobs as
their parents. Elsewhere young boys used to be sent
away for several years as apprentices to a craftsman
to learn his trade. In the modern world, however,
the main aim of education is to stimulate the
child's mind and enable him to develop his
personality and abilities to their limits.
Q. The passage gives the idea that; in the past,
education .............
a. was offered only to adults
b. was generally understood as a means of learning a
skill
c. was strictly confined to the family environment
d. was not taken seriously by parents
e. didn't relate at all to e person's working life
<B
Q. The writer emhasizes that, throughout history, in
some way or another, .............
a. boys have often managed to avoid work that
requires a lot of physical effort
b. parents have been reluctant to improve the
education of their children
c. children have been forced to learn several crafts
d. children have been given an education to equip
them for the future
e. young people have chosen different ways of life
from those of their parents
<D
Q. One can conclude from the given passage that
modern education .............
a. is a clear continuation of the practices of
earlier times
b. is more interested in practical skills than in
mental development of any kind
c. gives more importance to the development of a
child's mind and character than it used to
d. does not prepare young people for their future
e. puts too much pressure on a child
<C
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