SORU
Nigeria is heavily dependent on the export
of crude oil to finance industrial
development. 95% of Nigeria's exports by
value are crude oil. At current production
rates, known reserves are only sufficient
until the end of the century.
Industrialization was boosted after 1973
following the fourfold increase, in oil
prices. In the early 1980s prices fell, and
Nigeria lost important income. Oil
production peaked in 1974 when output
reached 112 million tones.
Q. It is emphasized in the passage that the
sharp rise in oil prices in 1973 ........ .
a. had less effect on Nigeria's economy than
might have been expected
b. contributed greatly to industrial
development in Nigeria
c. coincided with a considerable fall in oil
production
d. provided Nigeria with a high revenue well
into the late 1980s
e. put a great deal of pressure on Nigeria's
oil reserves
<B
Q It is clearly understood from the given
passage that only a fraction of Nigeria's
exports ......... .
a. are goods other than crude oil
b. would be needed to support industrial
development
c. were affected by the fail in oil prices
in the 1980s
d. were oil-related
e. have benefited from price increases
<A
Q.. The passage says that ,as long as the
current rate of oil production is maintained
............. .
a. world oil prices are not expected to rise
significantly
b. Nigeria's industrial development plans
will soon be fully realized
c. Nigeria is likely to have no oil reserves
left by the year 2000
d. Nigeria will continue to enjoy large
revenues
e. the variety of goods exported from
Nigeria will increase
<C
SORU
Real depression cannot be as easily overcome
as some people often suppose. It generally
passes with time-but the time can seem
endless. Activities giving companionship and
a new interest can help. However for the
sufferer to talk, again and again, about the
causes of the depression helps most. People
with depression need to be listened to and
encouraged to find their own solutions, not
made to feel yet more inadequate by good
advice. They might need professional
counseling as well as the support of family
and friends.
Q. According to the passage;in overcoming
depression the support of friends and family
........... .
a. can best be directed into giving good
advice
b. is the only solution
c. may cause more harm than good
d. never contributes to any improvement in
the patient
e. is not always sufficient
<E
Q. The author suggests that people with
depression ............. .
a. should not be allowed much social
activity
b. should rely solely on professional
counseling
c. need, more than anything else, someone to
listen to them
d. ought to remain alienated from society
for a long time
e. receive an unnecessary amount of sympathy
<C
Q. It is understood from the passage some
people .............. .
a. seem to underestimate how difficult it is
to get over depression
b. suffer from depression over long periods
of time
c. refuse to get professional counseling
d. suffering from depression have been cured
through the good advice of friends
e. with depression don't want to talk about
their problems
<A
SORU
Several art museums and galleries and many
individuals in the art world faced financial
problems in 1975 as the effects of world
recession deepened. On the surface things
seemed to continue as before, with important
exhibitions in major museums attracting
large crowds. But smaller galleries, and the
artists whose work was shown by their
resourceful proprietors, fared less well,
and over the long term it is the work of
young artists that determines the course of
art for the future.
Q.According to the passage;the point made in
the passage is that the recession in the
1970s ............. .
a. forced many young artists to give up
their profession
b. led to the immediate closure of several
major museums in the West
c. was one of the most serious in economic
history
d. didn't at first appear to hit hard at the
art world
e. meant exhibitions were regarded as
unnecessary luxuries
<D
Q One can understand from the given passage
that if a generation of young artist is lost
........... .
a. this would not have a damaging effect on
art museums and galleries even in the long
run
b. the future development of art will be
greatly hampered
c. recession in the art market would not
last very long
d. smaller galleries would benefit from it
e. the organizing of exhibitions would be
even more costly
<B
Q. The passage gives the idea that, the
people in the art world who were most
strongly affected by the recession
.............. .
a. were young artists and the owners of
small galleries
b. tried to balance their losses by buying
up the work of young artist
c. were the well established art dealers
d. decided to stop holding exhibitions
altogether
e. resorted to all sorts of methods of
attracting large crowds to their galleries
<A
SORU
Computers should never have acquired the
exalted status they now have. Fascinating
and invaluable as they are, even the most
advanced have less brain power than a
three-year-old. But,they do, score on
single-mindedness. The three-year-old uses
his brain not only to think but also to do
tasks like seeing, hearing and running
about, which need incredibly rapid and
sophisticated electromechanical interactions
we too run on electricity. However the
computer just sits there and sends
spacecraft to the moon or re-organizes the
world banking system-which is very much
easier. That's why man's dream of robot
servants is still a long way off.
Q. The basic point made by the given passage
is that the human brain ......... .
a. is much inferior to any known computer
b. is infinitely more complex and powerful
than any computer
c. reaches its maximum efficiency at the age
of three
d. is not as complicated and mysterious as
has usually been thought
e. has been entirely reproduced in computer
form
<B
Q. It is mentioned in the passage that the
efficiency of the computer ............ .
a. will soon make it possible for man to be
served by robots
b. depends on the speed with which the data
are fed
c. can best be appreciated in the decision
making positions
d. is the result of its being concentrated
on one task at a time
e. depends upon sophisticated
electromechanical interactions
<D
Q. The writer feels that computers
.............. .
a. are becoming unaffordable as they get
more advanced
b. have contributed immensely to the
improvement of living standards
c. have been unnecessarily overrated
d. will be a major force behind all future
progress
e. are capable of doing all the tasks the
human brain performs even more efficiently
<D
SORU
The dramatic growth of the world's
population in the twentieth century has been
on a scale without parallel in human
history. Most of that growth has occurred
since 1950 and is known as the population
''explosion''. Between 1950 and 1980 the
world population increases from 2.5 to over
4 billion, and by the end of the century
that figure will have risen to at least 6
billion. Growth of this size cannot continue
indefinitely. Recent forecasts suggest that
the total population will level-out at
between 10 and 15 billion in the mid
twenty-first century. Already there are
encouraging signs that the rate of increase
in several less developed countries is
beginning to slow down.
Q. According to the given passage above , at
no period in human history has there been
........ .
a. so much consensus among nations
concerning the population of the world
b. a sharp decline in population like the
one since 1980
c. a universal fear about the future of man
d. as comprehensive a study of population
problems as the one envisaged now
e. a population explosion of the magnitude
of the one in this century
<E
Q It is emphasized in the passage that the
increase in the world population ...... .
a. is a highly encouraging sign for the
general economy
b. is expected to continue even faster until
2050
c. will not continue into the next century
d. has been going on noticeably since 1950
e. has been much faster in the
industrialized countries
<D
Q. The passage says that;it has been
forecast that, by the middle of the next
century ......... .
a. various measures will have been taken to
encourage population growth
b. the population growth rate in less
developed countries will be much higher than
that in previous years
c. the world population will be stabilized
at around 10 to 15 billion
d. the rate of increase will still be rising
e. the rate of population increase will have
doubled the 1950 rate
<C
SORU
Many substances, whether man-made or
natural, can cause harm to man or the
environment. Some of these reach the
environment in waste streams;but emission
limits and environmental quality standards
can, in some instances, reduce the amounts
released. However some other substances
cannot be controlled in this way because
they are released, not in industrial waste
streams, however through the use or disposal
of products which contain them. In many
cases these substances pose little or no
threat if the product containing them is
used and disposed of properly. The right way
to deal with them is generally through
controls over their supply, use and
disposal.
Q.. The passage gives the idea that, the
threat of certain substances to the
environment ............
a. is far less than that to man
b. could be reduced by enforcing emission
limits and environmental controls
c. has been unnecessarily overemphasized
d. has to date been completely ignored
e. can be eliminated by the use of
industrial waste streams
<B
Q The writer emphasizes that the danger
posed to man by many substances ...... .
a. is unrelated to environmental pollution
b. is even greater than generally admitted
c. continues to grow despite constant
control of disposal systems
d. is solely due to the use of industrial
waste streams
e. arises from their misuse and wrong
disposal
<E
Q.. The passage above is related to the
question of ............. .
a. how the harmful effects of certain
substance can be brought under control
b. why industrial waste streams have caused
so much pollution
c. whether man-made substances or natural
ones cause more pollution
d. what measures are to be taken against the
supply of dangerous substances
e. who is responsible for taking the
required measures
<A
SORU
No one knows when fiction began. Perhaps the
first story-teller was a prehistoric mother
trying to explain the world to her children.
Or perhaps it was a hunter telling about his
adventures around the camp fire. Who can
tell? What we do know, though, is that
story-telling was a purely oral activity
until around 800 BC. Myths and tales were
passed down by word of mouth and had to be
memorized by each new generation of
story-tellers. That oral tradition only
changed when ancient people started to keep
written records of certain stories. The
earliest surviving examples of those are the
epics of Homer, a blind professional
story-teller, who lived in the eighth
century BC.
Q. It is pointed out in the passage that
story-telling .............
a. was first introduced by Homer in ancient
times
b. possibly began in prehistoric times
c. began as a written activity in antiquity
d. became less and less popular during the
8th century BC
e. became far more popular with the
invention of writing
<B
Q. The passage says that the Homeric epics
.............
a. were among the first stories to be
written down
b. consisted mainly of myths and other tales
c. are the first examples of prehistoric
tales and myths
d. were not the best of their kind in the
8th century BC
e. have often been imitated successfully in
later centuries
<A
Q. The passage gives the idea that,
throughout the oral tradition, professional
story-telling .............
a. were much respected in primitive
societies
b. depended on Homer for their stories
c. were skilful at creating new stories
d. collected the first stories going back to
prehistoric times
e. used to learn myths and tales by heart
<E
SORU
The printing press was invented by Gutenberg
in the city of Mainz, in Germany. He built
and operated the printing press with movable
metal letters. In fact, simple printing
methods had existed for centuries, however
they had to be done by hand and took a long
time. What made Gutenberg's press so
different was that the individual letters
themselves could rapidly and easily be moved
to create different pages. That made it
possible to print entire books more cheaply
and more quickly than ever before.
Q. It is emphasized in the passage that the
basic new feature of Gutenberg's printing
press .............
a. was that all the pages of a book were
printed at the same time
b. was that it could easily be operated by
unskilled workmen
c. was that the printing of books was less
costly although it took a long time to do
d. was the use of metal letters that could
be moved into different positions
e. made it possible to print books without
any error at all
<D
Q. It is understood from the passage that
actually, the history of printing
.............
a. first begins with Gutenberg's invention
b. has always been associated with Germany
c. can be traced back well before the time
of Gutenberg
d. runs parallel to the history of books
e. gives less importance to Gutenberg's
invention than it deserves
<C
Q. It is obvious from the passage that the
printing techniques introduced by Gutenberg
.............
a. made printing more complicated and
time-consuming
b. was not as important as it has often been
thought
c. was not used outside Germany for a long
time
d. speeded up the printing of books
e. adopted the metal letters system of
easier printing methods
<D
SORU
In several countries in the process of
industrialization, overcrowded cities
present a major problem. The overpopulation
of towns is mainly caused by the drift of
large numbers of people from the rural
areas. The only long-term solution is to
make life in the rural areas more
attractive, which would encourage people to
stay there. This could be achieved by
providing incentives for people to go and
work in the villages. Moreover, facilities
in the rural areas, such as transportation,
health and education services should be
improved.
Q. The passage says that , one significant
outcome of industrialization has been
.............
a. a massive migration from the countryside
to cities
b. a general improvement in the quality of
urban life
c. the decline of health services in cities
d. the emergence of new cities throughout
the country
e. an overall increase in the population of
the country
<A
Q. The author emphasizes that one way in
which rural life might be made from
attractive .............
a. has already been tried; namely improved
education services
b. would be to set up better medical
facilities
c. has been suggested by those migrating to
the towns
d. has been regarded by some as a threat to
the progress of industrialization
e. is likely to prove unpopular among
city-dwellers
<B
Q. The writer suggests that, so as to solve
the problem of overcrowding in cities,
.............
a. health and education services in the
cities have to be modernized
b. transport facilities have to be renewed
completely
c. measures should be taken to make the city
environment more attractive
d. the number of those migrating to the
cities should be restricted
e. living conditions in the countryside need
to be made better and more agreeable
<E
SORU
From the beginning of human history every
society has had some way of preparing young
people for adult life. Many communities have
regarded education as training for work. In
many traditional societies children still
help the older members of the family in
their work and so grow up to do the same
jobs as their parents. Elsewhere young boys
used to be sent away for several years as
apprentices to a craftsman to learn his
trade. In the modern world, however, the
main aim of education is to stimulate the
child's mind and enable him to develop his
personality and abilities to their limits.
Q. The passage gives the idea that; in the
past, education .............
a. was offered only to adults
b. was generally understood as a means of
learning a skill
c. was strictly confined to the family
environment
d. was not taken seriously by parents
e. didn't relate at all to e person's
working life
<B
Q. The writer emhasizes that, throughout
history, in some way or another,
.............
a. boys have often managed to avoid work
that requires a lot of physical effort
b. parents have been reluctant to improve
the education of their children
c. children have been forced to learn
several crafts
d. children have been given an education to
equip them for the future
e. young people have chosen different ways
of life from those of their parents
<D
Q. One can conclude from the given passage
that modern education .............
a. is a clear continuation of the practices
of earlier times
b. is more interested in practical skills
than in mental development of any kind
c. gives more importance to the development
of a child's mind and character than it used
to
d. does not prepare young people for their
future
e. puts too much pressure on a child
<C
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