|
76-According to the passage, the major difference
between the "gentleman scientists" and present day
ones................
a-has frequently been ignored by governments and
universities
b-is that the former were free to research as they
chose, while the letter are not
c-has become a highly controversial issue in
universty circles
d-is not nearly so obvious as some people believe it
to be
e-the former were less objective in their research
methods than the letter one
77-The writer points out that in the 1960s
......................
a-research activities were largely carried out under
the sponsorship of industry
b-scientist believed that they were entering upon a
golden age
c-academic feedom was already a thing of the past
d-scientist carried out their research activities at
the public expense
e-scientific research largely concentrated on
meeting the needs of war
78-The writer of the passage argues that
contemporary scientific research
........................
a-is, to a large extent, controlled by the interest
of industry
b-find its best millieu within the universities
c-is advancing at an incredibly fast rate
d-offers one of tje most exciting and stimulating af
careers
e-is far more concerned with theory than with any
practical application
79-The writer of tha passage regards the "gentleman
scientists" of the 19.century as privileged
because.....................
a-the coice of field was rapidly expanding
b-there were plenty of patrons willing to finance
them
c-they were unrestricted by financial pressures
d-scientific research was still in its early stage
and it was easy to discover something new
e-there were always well-rewarded for their efforts
80-The phrase "part of the public good" in effect
means................
a-deserving a good public
b-setting good standards for society
c-ensuring a better future for society
d-beneficial of society
e-recognized by the general public as being good
81-85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre yanıtlayınız.
Some people believe that meat consumption
contributes to famine and depletes the Earth's
natural resorces. Indeed, it is often argued that
cows and sheep require pasturage that could be
better used to grow grain for starving millions in
poor cuntries. Additionally, claims are made that
raising livestock requires more water than raising
plants foods. But both these argument are illogical.
As for the pasturage4 argument, this ignores the
fact that a large portion of the Earth's dry land is
unsuited to cultivation. For istance, desert and
mountainous areas are not suitable for cultivation,
but are suitable for animal grazing. However, modern
comercial farming methods prefer to raise animals in
an enclosed space feeding them on grains and
soybeans. Unfortunately, the bulk of commercial
livestock is not range-fed but stall-fed. Stall-fed
animals do not ingest grasses and shrubs (like they
should) but are fed on unnatural array of grains and
soybeans, which could be eaten by humans. The
argument here, then, is not that eating meat
depletes the Earth's resources, but that commercial
farming methods do. Such methods subject livestock
to deplorable living conditions where infections,
antibiotics and synthetic hormones are common. These
all lead to an unhealty animals and, byextension, to
unhealty food product.
81-One important point made in this passage is that
.............................
a-desert and mountainous regions should be developed
as arable for cultivation
b-the way livestock is raised on modern farms
involves various health hazards
c-more encouragement should be given to the
application of modern farming technologies
d-meat production in the developed world needs to be
increased to combat famine
e-every measure must be taken to conserve the
Earth's natural resources
82-One argument that is clearly opposed in the
passage.........................
a-concerns the value of antibiotics in the raising
of healty livestock
b-concerns the introduction of soybeans in the basic
feed for livestock
c-is related to i the inadequate methods employed in
the prevention of famine
d-is that livestock need water as much as plants do
e-is that land used for pasturage should be utulized
for the cultivation of crops
83-Contrary to what is often argued, the passage
points out that.....................
a-synhetic hormones can be used to improve the
quality of meat
b-underdevoloped countries need to adopt modern
farming methods in order to overcome famine
c-grazing for sheep and cows needs to be upgraded so
as to increase meat production
d-the famine in the world is not directly related to
the consumption of meat
e-a very extensive part of the earth's surface is
ideally suitable for the cultivation of crops
84-The writers attacks present day commercial
farming methods...........................
a-but admits that there is a higher production rate
than there was with earlier methods
b-though the end product is extremely healthy
c-and claims that they are responsible for depleting
the natural resources of the world
d-though it ensures that there is suffficent food
for everyone
e-because among other things, it makes no effort to
cultivate dry mountainous regions
85-By the "pasturage argument" is meant the argument
that ....................................
a-the land used for animal grazing ought to be
cultivated and used to grow grain
b-livestock should be stall-fed on grains and not
allowed to graze freely
c-cultivated land ought to be turned into pasturage
d-only cattle that are allowed to graze freely
produce good meat
e-dry mountainous areas could be watered and turned
into good pasturage
86-89. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre yanıtlayınız.
The chief triumph oh this book is its depiction of
Wellington. He is not simply the famous British
general who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo. He
remains a great general bu he is also shown to have
had feet of clay inside his splendid boots. For
example, the writer dwells on Wellington's vanity
and his unattractive lack of generosity in sharing
the credit for his victories. Thşs is a spendid
book. Never less than interesting, but always
trenchant. It redefines Wellington without
diminishing his achievements and ends bu reminding
us that it was Napoleon who so forcefully
artucilated a whish that there should be "a Eorepean
code of laws, a European judiciary... one peaople in
Europe" The ogre's dream is coming true.
86-From this passage, we get the impression that the
book being reviewed.............
a-makes fun of both Napoleon and Wellington
b-overlooks the fact that Wellington was a great
general
c-pays more attention to Napoleon than to Wellington
d-is unnecessarily critical of Wellington
e-is well-writtwn and gives a balanced picture of
Wellington
87-
In this book under review, Wellington is criticized
for.............
a-not recognizing the role played by others in his
victories
b-his plan of campaing at Waterloo
c-traying to buy people's affection and support
d-underestimating Napoleon's strenght
e-failng to consult his subordinates
88-It clear from the passage that the book under
review differs from traditional biographies of
Wellington..................
a-as his great enemy Napoleon receives more than his
share of praise
b-as it questions his skills as a leader
c-because it shows up his human weakness
d-in attitude, but not in content
e-by putting the emphasis on his vices, not on his
virtues
89-We understand from the passage that in the book
under review, Napoleon................
a-is simply presented as the big enemy
b-receives acclaim for envisaging a united Europe
c-is shown to have had greater military skills than
Wellington
d-and Wellington each admired the military skills of
the other
e- knew from the beginning that hi would never
conquer Britain
90-
"feet of clay" stands for.......................
a-disgraceful impulses
b-unmilitary feelings
c-desires that have to be surpassed
d-basic human weakness or faults
e-an overwhelming desire to deceive
91-95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre yanıtlayınız.
Fast food is such a pervasive part of American life
that it has become synonymous American Culture. Fast
food was born in America and it has swollen into a
$106 billion industry. America export fast food
worlwide and its attendant corporate culture, has
probably been more influential and done more to
destroy local food economies and cultural diversity
than any government propaganda program could hope to
accomplish. No corner of the earth is safe from its
presence and no aspect of life is unaffacted. Fast
food is now found in shopping malls, airport,
hospitals, gas stations, stadiums, on trains and
increasingly, in schools. There are 23.000
restaurants in one chain alone, and another 2.000
are being opened every year. Their effect has been
the same on the millions of people it feeds daily
and on the people it employs. Fast food culture has
changed how we work, from its assembly-line kitchens
filled with robotic frying machines to the trite
phrases spoken to customers by its poorly paid
part-time workforce. In the United States, more than
57 percent of the population eat meals away from
home on any given day and day spend more money on
fast-food than they do on higher education, personal
computers, or even on new cars.
91-This passage on American fast-food industry
....................
a-shows convincingly that is falling into disfavor
b-is clearly written by someone who loves good food
c-concentrates on negative aspects
d-gives a ratioanl account of why it grew so fast
e-reveals the support it received from government
propaganda
92-The world "swollen"....................
a-emphasizes the speed at which the industry has
grown
b-suggests that the growth is excessive and unhealty
c-has very positive connotations
d-draws attention to the inevitability of teh growth
of the industry
e-implies that the industry will continue to grow on
steadily
93-One point that receives a lot of attention in the
passage is ...................
a-in fact that fast food is now more popular outside
the US than it is inside
b-tha fact that fast food meets our dietary needs
c-the consideratioan the fast food companies show to
their employees
d-the far reaching effects of the fast food industry
e-the idea that in such places as gas stations and
trains fast food is actually the only practical kind
of food
94-The writer of the passage clearly regrets the
fact that .......................
a-the fast food companies cannot afford to pay even
their part-time workers adequate salaries
b-the growth of the fast food industry has now come
to a halt
c-there are still more traditional restaurants than
fast food ones
d-the fast food industry cannot retain the high
standards with which it started
e-local and traditional styles of food are being
pushed off the market
95-The assertion at the and of the passage that
Americans spend more money on fast-food than they do
on higher education.................
a-is a criticism of the amount of money spent on
fast food by Americans
b-suggesrs that Americans are greedy for good food
c-means that 57 percent of the American population
has very little money left over when it has paid for
its food
d-it an indication that higher education in the US
is not expensive
e-is, in the light of the rest of the passage, is a
gross exaggeration
96-100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
yanıtlayınız.
Even though there have been truly significant
advances in modern medicine health problems still
abound and couse untold misery. Although hearth
disease and cancer were rare at the beginning of the
20th century today these two diseases strike with
increasing frequency, in spite of billions of
dollars in research of combat them, and in spite of
tremendous advances in diagnostic and surgical
techniques. In America, one person in three suffers
from allergies, one in ten has ulcers and one in
five is mentally ill. Every year, a quarter of a
million infants are born with a birth defect and
undergo expensive surgery, or are hidedn away in
institutions. Other degenerative diseases such as
arthritis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes and chronic
fatigue afflict a significant majority of Americans.
Furher learning disabilities make life miserable for
seven million young people and their parents, These
diseases were extremely rare only a generation or
two ago. Today, chronic illness afflicts nearly half
of all Americans and causes three out of four deaths
in the United States
96-One point that is stressed in thi passage about
the American people is that...............
a-they are less laible to degenerative disase than
most other people
b-the rate of infant mortality among them is rasing
rapidly
c-there is alarming lack of communication between
parents and their childiren
d-the incidence of cancer among them is slowly being
reduced due to medical advences
e-in one way or another, a very large proportion of
them have health problems.
97-According to the passage, cancer and heart
diseases are on the increase..................
a-and most of the cures have serious side-effect
b-due to problems of diagnosis which for the present
seem insurmountable
c-since research so far carried out in these fields
has been quite inadequate
d-even though a great deal of money is being spent
on research into them
e-but every little is being done by the authorities
to combat them
98-The writer of this passage draws our attention
to.........................
a-the fact that it is young people who are the most
affected by degenerative diseases
b-the paradox that medicine today has improved
remarkably, but more and more people are suffering
from various diseases
c-the commanly-held view that cancer will, in a few
decades, be completely eradicated
d-the argument that good helath depends upon a
healty diet and early diagnosis
e-the possibility that it is mental rather than
physical health that is going to be the major
problem of the future in the US
99-The passage stresses that ill-health gives rise
to a great deal of mistery...................
a-which is not confined to the patient alone
b-which is largely associated with pain
c-especially in the case of chronic illness
d-even before an accurate diagnosis has been made
e-especially when the symptoms are severe
100-The term "significant majority" refers
to............
a-an articulate majority
b-a statistically small majority
c-a large and important majority
d-a rapidly, increasing majority
e-am unexpected but continuing majority
|
