51. Başkan, son istatistiklere atıfta bulunarak, Amerika’ nın bazı kentlerinde suç oranının son on yıl içinde hızla artmış olduğunu ifade etti.
A) The President announced that, according to some recent statistics, the rate of crime in a number of American cities had clearly risen substantially over the past decade.
B) Citing recent statistics, the President stated that, over the last decade, the crime rate in some cities of America had risen rapidly.
C) As the President pointed out with reference to recent statistics, since the last decade, the number of crimes in various major American cities has risen sharply.
D) The president argued that, in view of recent statistical evidence, the rapid rise in the rate of crime in some American cities during the last decade called for serious action.
E) As the President has pointed out, it appears from recent statistics that, over the last decade, there has been a considerable rise in the crime rate in some American cities.

52. Observer gazetesinin genel yayın yönetmeni Will Hutton, İngiliz basınının durumunu izlemek üzere kurulan bağımsız bir kurulun başkanlığına atandı.
A) Will Hutton, presently editor-in-chief of The Observer, has been approached to chair a special commission which will look into the issues facing the British press.
B) In order to study the efficiency of the British press, Will Hutton, editor-in-chief of The Observer, was selected to chair an independent commission.
C) Will Hutton, former editor-in-chief of The Observer, has been designated as the chairman of a free commission to report on the state of the British press.
D) Will Hutton, editor-in-chief of The Observer, was appointed chair of an independent commission set up to monitor the state of the British press.
E) Will Hutton, who is currently the editor-in-chief of The Observer, has been chosen as the chair of an autonomous commission established to study the progress of the British press.

53.-58. sorularda parçada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.

53. A long time ago, many things were explained by reference to the will of unseen deities. _______. In our world, we explain things by reference to genes, and feel much superior for it. But there is not, if we think about it, very much difference between saying “The gods have made him angry” and saying “He has the gene for anger.” Both are ways of attributing a matter of personal agency to some fateful and mysterious impersonal power.
A) Today, we regard this as a foolish and primitive approach
B) Most people are likely to want to believe in a little of both
C) Man has always struggled to change his destiny and enjoy happiness
D) In fact, human behaviour is determined by an inherited genetic package
E) In the end, though, people have to figure things out for themselves

54. ______. The usual causes are unsanitary tools and careless manicurists. To protect yourself, check that the tools used in your salon are sterilized before and after each use, either with heat or disinfectant.
A) A lot of people in the health services recommend nail care at beauty salons
B) One sign of an affluent society is that more beauty salons are being opened throughout the country.
C) With the growing popularity of manicure salons all across the country, dermatologists are reporting a sharp increase in nail infections
D) In a hairdresser’ s salon one can usually find an experienced and reliable manicurist
E) It is generally felt that nail deformities must always be treated in a hospital

55. Today’ s deflation comes in both benign and malign guises. ________. But weak demand is also creating harmful deflationary pressures in some countries. A good way to detect this is to look at “output gaps”, that is, the difference between actual output and output at full capacity.
A) ”Deflation”, like many economic concepts, is a widely misunderstood and often misused term
B) There are several causes for concern and none of them are easy to control
C) New technology is pushing down prices of goods and services around the globe which should be good for most economies
D) Official consumer-price indices often overstate inflation rates
E) Inflation is equally misunderstood by the majority of ordinary people

56. Innovation has become the industrial religion of the late twentieth century. _______. Governments also reach for it when trying to fix the economy. In fact, around the world, the rhetoric of innovation has replaced the post war language of welfare politics.
A) It is only later that people realize that any special product constitutes an innovation of the highest order
B) One way to describe innovation is to explain what it is not
C) Otherwise, innovation would have been hard to explain and even harder to measure
D) Two centuries later economists are still no nearer the truth
E) Business sees it as the key to increasing profits and market share

57. For forty years or more, the pesticides used by farmers all over the country have been blamed for the contamination of water supplies in Britain ________. This is the fertilizers that are being so widely used. The most important one seems to be nitrate. Only half of the nitrogen put into soil is taken up by plants. Most of the rest gradually drifts to the underground water table.
A) Arable land needs to be fertilized regularly
B) Nevertheless farmers continue to use pesticides in very large amounts
C) In fact, pesticides should have been banned long ago
D) More recently a new cause has been recognized
E) Research is presently being carried out on the harmful side-effects of pesticides on humans

58. In the days of white rule, South African economy suffered immensely from global difference. Sanctions deterred foreign firms from investing in the country. _______. Since they could not easily operate abroad, they then started to expand sideways. The mining company Anglo Tech, for instance, diversified into cars, newspaper and other enterprises.
A) At the same time, rigid exchange controls prevented South African firms from expanding overseas
B) As a result, there was no foreign competition and this proved disastrous
C) The crisis is not yet over and interest rates remain steep
D) In fact, South Africa desperately needs access to global capital
E) Actually neither of these expectations materialized

59.-64. sorularda anlam bakımından hangi tümcenin parçaya uymadığını bulunuz.

59. 1) Roughly six centuries before Columbus crossed the Atlantic Mayan society abruptly collapsed.
2) No one knows precisely why.
3) Scientists and historians have come up with various suggestions.
4) Other empires arose in place of the Mayan empire.
5) None of these are in any way original; they include overpopulation, disease, climate change and war.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

60. 1) Poverty is not primarily hereditary.
2) While children born into poverty have a higher than average chance of ending up poor, there is still an enormous amount of economic mobility from one generation to the next.
3) In this way many parents work to ensure that their children will enjoy easier lives.
4) Indeed there is nearly as much economic inequality among brothers as in the general population.
5) This means that inequality is recreated anew in each generation, even among those who start life in essentially identical circumstances.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

61. 1) Several months ago the Czech finance minister announced that his country’ s four biggest banks would shortly be privatized.
2) Even so a poll showed that nearly half of the Czech people opposed the new interest rates in the country.
3) Since then, however, there has been a change of government which naturally slowed down proceedings.
4) Moreover, a row over the value of one of the banks has further delayed the matter.
5) So has a recent startling revelation concerning loan policies in one of the banks.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

62. 1) Fire-fighting is presently getting a boost from technology.
2) Nevertheless, fire-fighting doesn’ t rate quite so high in the list of dangerous occupations.
3) With the new system, data-base information gets into the hands of the people on the scene.
4) As a result, a fire-fighter can immediately determine the location of fire hydrants, hazardous materials, elevator shafts and electrical panels.
5) Further, the planning of rescue routes has become quicker and more reliable.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

63. 1) The latest cause for concern in drinking water is aluminum.
2) It can occur naturally in peaty moorland waters.
3) More often it is added in the form of aluminum sulphate to water at treatment works.
4) Apparently, some countries in the world are not yet fully aware of the danger.
5) Water authorities do this because it removes tiny particles suspended in the water that can make it brown.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

64. 1) Boston High School is America’ s oldest and one of its finest public schools.
2) Indeed, Boston is a city with a large black population.
3) Sarah Wessmann, who is 14, wants to go there.
4) She applied last autumn and was rejected.
5) That might have been the end of the story except that Sarah found she was one of ten white candidates rejected by Boston High School while ten black candidates with lower scores were admitted.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

65.-70. sorularda verilen duruma söylenebilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.

65. You have a vintage car which has to be handled with great care and really needs expert attention. You ask a friend of yours to advise you on where to take it. You say:
A) As you know not every car repairer can service a vintage car. Do you know anyone who can?
B) You’ re good with cars. How about having a look at my vintage can?
C) I’ m looking for a new place for the servicing of my vintage car, since I’ m not satisfied with the present one.
D) Have you ever dreamed of owning a vintage car? The only problem is getting them serviced.
E) I’ m afraid I’ ll have to get rid of this vintage car; it’ s so hard to get it serviced, and so expensive.

66. At the executive committee meeting of the company, several members have voiced their unease at the adverse effect of the recession on profits. So, as the chairman, you want to dispel this gloomy atmosphere, and say:
A) I also feel disappointed by the situation, but let’ s not discuss it now.
B) Are you trying to tell me that the recession will continue well into next year?
C) I admit that sales at present are a little lower than usual, but we have every reason to expect an increase in the second half of the year.
D) Are you quite sure that the figures you have been given by the several departments do really reflect what’ s happening?
E) We must introduce stringent measures straightway if we are to prevent a worsening of the situation.

67. A few of your paintings are to be on show at an exhibition to be opened next week. You want to give an open invitation to all of your colleagues in the department, and say:
A) The exhibition I’ m holding next week is to raise money for charity. So I’ m hoping it will be very crowded.
B) If anyone is interested in the exhibition of my works, let me know and I’ ll get you an invitation.
C) There will be another exhibition next week of the works of amateur artists like myself. You’ ll find it enjoyable.
D) I think you all know my paintings are going to be exhibited starting Tuesday next week. I hope to see you all there.
E) This is the first time my works are going on exhibition, so, naturally, I’ m very excited.

68. You have just returned from an international conference. Frankly, you were rather dissatisfied with the quality of many of the papers presented. On your return, when your colleagues inquire about the conference, you admit to being disappointed and say:
A) Had you been there, you would have been as enthusiastic about proceedings as I was.
B) I was really shocked by the lack of interest shown by the great majority of the participants.
C) It was a thrilling experience just to be with so many specialists in our field.
D) Like any other international conference, this turned out to be extremely exhausting.
E) Actually, several of the presentations fell short of my expectations.

69. As a professor of management you have been approached by the director of a bank for your opinion of a candidate who was formerly one of your students. So you want to reassure him and say:
A) Though he has a calm manner which may be misleading, he is actually dynamic, creative and resourceful.
B) Yes, he has shortcomings, but you have a good in-training programme, don’ t you?
C) As far as I recall, in my courses, I expected more from him than he was able to give.
D) It seems to me that the post on offer really requires very special skills.
E) I suggest you screen a wide range of candidates before deciding on anyone.

70. You manage a fairly large supermarket and feel you have lost customers recently due to the late delivery of goods you have ordered. You are extremely angry at this negligence and write a stiff note of complaint to the wholesalers. In the note you say:
A) This is to inform you that, if I am to keep customers, you must deliver goods at least twice a week.
B) If only you’ d sent the goods in time, my customers are not at all satisfied with the quality of the goods delivered.
C) I feel you should be warned that my customers are not at all satisfied with the quality of the goods delivered.
D) Your irresponsibility in this matter has damaged my trade. Just make sure it doesn’ t happen again.
E) Your delivery system is no longer as efficient as it used to be; you really must do something to improve it.

71.-76. sorularda karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmında söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.

71. Mable : Tell us about your holiday. You went to the Galapagos Islands, didn’ t you?
Ursula : _____
Mable : What do you mean by that?
Ursula : Well, all the wild creatures, the sea lions for instance, were quite without fear and played around our feet.
A) That’ s right. And it was fascinating. The best was the wild life, which was not wild at all.
B) Yes. They’ re a group of islands off the coast of Ecuador.
C) Not really. We sailed past them but didn’ t stop there to see the wild life.
D) Alright. I’ ll tell you about it when I’ ve collected some more information about the wild life there.
E) I had planned to, but in the end the holiday had to be cancelled for various reasons.

72. Michael : How can a small television company compete against these commercial giants?
Rupert : _____
Michael : Go on.
Rupert : To start with, it should concentrate on quality, not quantity.
A) The figures this month show we’ re making good progress.
B) Why not? Since there are so many channels now, there’ s work for everyone.
C) It can’ t. I should have though that was obvious. It must do something different.
D) There’ s always a market for goods that are reasonably priced.
E) If you are feeling like that we can always declare ourselves bankrupt.

73. Andrew : Well, Miss Claremont is clearly the best qualified of all the applicants.
Molly : Yes. I know she is.
Andrew : Well? What’ s worrying you then?
Molly : _____
A) How about Miss Blake? She seemed pleasant enough.
B) I’ m afraid she’ ll disturb the team spirit we’ ve built up.
C) She’ s quite charming. But she’ s well below average intelligent.
D) Was our advertisement correctly worded?
E) The advantages of increased productivity are rapidly becoming apparent.

74. Mary : Apart from the news and wild-life programmes, what else do you watch on TV?
Philip : _____
Mary : I do agree, but occasionally there are some good discussions and some good plays.
Philip : Perhaps. But most of the ones I have watched have been very boring.
A) I’ d no idea you spent so much time watching TV.
B) Almost nothing. Do you?
C) Only the plays are worth watching, aren’ t they?
D) If it weren’ t for my mother, I’ d get rid of our TV.
E) Actually very little. There’ s so much rubbish on at present.

75. Jenny : What are you reading? It’ s made you annoyed.
Norman : _____
Jenny : And presumably nothing is being done about it.
Norman : Nothing at all. But two superfluous sports centres are being constructed there.
A) I was reading about the new inner city traffic regulations.
B) Yes, I suppose it does. Actually more sad than annoyed.
C) True. They’ ve just caught some children of twelve taking drugs.
D) Indeed it has. The number of homeless people in the capital now exceeds 5000 and continues to increase.
E) Precisely. It says every effort is being made to ensure that the children’ s every need is being met.

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